Department of Crop Protection, Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel), Postal Code 354, Capão do Leão, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul State, 96010-900, Brazil.
Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (Embrapa), Embrapa Clima Temperado (Temperate Climate Embrapa), Postal code 403, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul State, 96001-970, Brazil.
Ecotoxicology. 2020 Apr;29(3):327-339. doi: 10.1007/s10646-020-02177-5. Epub 2020 Feb 27.
Chrysoperla externa and Coleomegilla quadrifasciata are important biological control agents in peach orchards. However, orchard management with these predatory insects is viable only by using selective agrochemicals. The objective of this study is to evaluate the toxicity of nine agrochemicals used in peach orchards in larval and adult stages of the C. externa and C. quadrifasciata in laboratory conditions. The bioassays followed the methodologies proposed by the International Organization for Biological and Integrated Control (IOBC). Larvae and adults of C. externa and C. quadrifasciata were exposed to the dry residues of these products. Lethal and sublethal effects were evaluated in bioassays with the larval and adult stages of both predators. The agrochemicals were classified according to the IOBC guidelines. The insecticide chlorantraniliprole was harmless (class 1) to the larval stage of C. externa and C. quadrifasciata. Azadirachtin, copper 25% + calcium 10%, and deltamethrin were harmless to the adult stage of both insect species. The organophosphates fenitrothion and malathion were harmful (class 4) to both species in the larval and adult stages and should not be used in peach orchards. Therefore, this study demonstrates the importance of toxicity and the lethal and sublethal effects of these agrochemicals to better determine their compatibility with IPM in peach production.
丽绿刺蛾赤眼蜂和龟纹瓢虫是桃园中重要的生物防治剂。然而，只有使用选择性农药，才能对这些捕食性昆虫进行有效的果园管理。本研究的目的是评估在实验室条件下，9 种用于桃园的农药对丽绿刺蛾赤眼蜂和龟纹瓢虫幼虫和成虫的毒性。生物测定采用国际生物和综合防治组织（IOBC）提出的方法进行。丽绿刺蛾赤眼蜂和龟纹瓢虫的幼虫和成虫暴露于这些产品的干残余物中。对两种捕食性昆虫的幼虫和成虫阶段进行了生物测定，评估了致死和亚致死效应。根据 IOBC 指南对农药进行了分类。杀虫剂氯虫苯甲酰胺对丽绿刺蛾赤眼蜂和龟纹瓢虫的幼虫阶段无害（1 级）。印楝素、25%铜+10%钙和溴氰菊酯对两种昆虫的成虫阶段均无害。有机磷杀虫剂灭多威和马拉硫磷对两种幼虫和成虫阶段均为有害（4 级），不应在桃园中使用。因此，本研究表明了这些农药的毒性以及致死和亚致死效应对更好地确定其与桃园 IPM 的相容性的重要性。
