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结合纳米结构气溶胶监测仪(NSAM)和冷凝粒子计数器(CPC)浓度来确定空气中纳米颗粒计数中值直径:在各种实验室和工作场所气溶胶中的应用。

Combining NSAM and CPC concentrations to determine airborne nanoparticle count median diameter: Application to various laboratory and workplace aerosols.

作者信息

Bau S, Payet R, Toussaint A, Witschger O, Todea A M, Monz C, Asbach C

机构信息

a Institut National de Recherche et de Sécurité, Laboratoire de Métrologie des Aérosols , Vandoeuvre , France.

b Institut für Energie und Umwelttechnik e. V. (IUTA) , Duisburg , Germany.

出版信息

J Occup Environ Hyg. 2018 Jun;15(6):492-501. doi: 10.1080/15459624.2018.1449953.

Abstract

Because nanomaterials have been increasingly developed and used in many technology and industry sectors over the last 20 years, an increasing number of workers is likely to be exposed to airborne nanoparticles. In addition, the question of the nanomaterial characteristics that should be assessed in epidemiological studies remains open. Thus, assessing occupational exposure to airborne nanoparticles will not only rely on mass concentration and chemical composition. Rather, key parameters, such as particle size, have to be included in measurement strategies. We previously proposed a methodology to estimate the Count Median Diameter (CMD) of an aerosol based on the simultaneous size-integrated measurement of two particle concentrations, lung-deposited surface area, and number, thanks to field-portable, commercially available aerosol instruments (Nanoparticle Surface Area Monitor/Condensation Particle Counter combination). In addition to previous work, this study investigates the case of various polydisperse metal oxides, organic oil, and salt particles with CMDs ranging from 16-410 nm. Once corrected, the CMDs derived from the NSAM/CPC agree within ±20% with regard to the reference electrical mobility equivalent diameter, regardless of aerosol composition, morphology, or geometric standard deviation (GSD). Furthermore, the field-applicability of the method was tested through 6 sets of experimental data stemming from workplace measurement campaigns where different materials were produced and handled (TiO, SiO, Ag, Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes-MWCNT), covering a range of CMDs between 40 and 190 nm. All situations considered, the approach based on the combination of a NSAM and a CPC leads to a satisfying estimation of particle CMD, within ±20% compared to reference CMD.

摘要

在过去20年里,由于纳米材料在许多技术和工业领域得到了越来越多的开发和应用,越来越多的工人可能会接触到空气中的纳米颗粒。此外,在流行病学研究中应评估哪些纳米材料特性的问题仍未解决。因此,评估空气中纳米颗粒的职业暴露不仅要依靠质量浓度和化学成分。相反,测量策略中必须包括关键参数,如粒径。我们之前提出了一种方法,借助现场便携式、市售的气溶胶仪器(纳米颗粒表面积监测仪/冷凝粒子计数器组合),基于对两种颗粒浓度、肺沉积表面积和数量的同时尺寸积分测量来估算气溶胶的计数中值直径(CMD)。除了之前的工作,本研究还调查了各种多分散金属氧化物、有机油和盐颗粒的情况,其CMD范围为16 - 410纳米。一旦校正后,无论气溶胶成分、形态或几何标准偏差(GSD)如何,由NSAM/CPC得出的CMD与参考电迁移率等效直径的误差在±20%以内。此外,通过6组来自不同材料生产和处理场所(TiO、SiO、Ag、多壁碳纳米管 - MWCNT)的工作场所测量活动的实验数据,测试了该方法的现场适用性,这些数据涵盖了40至190纳米的CMD范围。综合考虑所有情况,基于NSAM和CPC组合的方法能够令人满意地估算颗粒CMD,与参考CMD相比误差在±20%以内。

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