Brain-Behavior Mechanisms for the Transfer of Neuromuscular Training Adaptions to Simulated Sport: Initial Findings From the Train the Brain Project.

CONTEXT

A limiting factor for reducing anterior cruciate ligament injury risk is ensuring that the movement adaptions made during the prevention program transfer to sport-specific activity. Virtual reality provides a mechanism to assess transferability, and neuroimaging provides a means to assay the neural processes allowing for such skill transfer.

OBJECTIVE

To determine the neural mechanisms for injury risk-reducing biomechanics transfer to sport after anterior cruciate ligament injury prevention training.

DESIGN

Cohort study.

SETTING

Research laboratory.

PARTICIPANTS

Four healthy high school soccer athletes.

INTERVENTIONS

Participants completed augmented neuromuscular training utilizing real-time visual feedback. An unloaded knee extension task and a loaded leg press task were completed with neuroimaging before and after training. A virtual reality soccer-specific landing task was also competed following training to assess transfer of movement mechanics.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES

Landing mechanics during the virtual reality soccer task and blood oxygen level-dependent signal change during neuroimaging.

RESULTS

Increased motor planning, sensory and visual region activity during unloaded knee extension and decreased motor cortex activity during loaded leg press were highly correlated with improvements in landing mechanics (decreased hip adduction and knee rotation).

CONCLUSION

Changes in brain activity may underlie adaptation and transfer of injury risk-reducing movement mechanics to sport activity. Clinicians may be able to target these specific brain processes with adjunctive therapy to facilitate intervention improvements transferring to sport.