Bohachick P A
University of Pittsburgh, School of Nursing, PA 15261.
J Neurosci Nurs. 1987 Aug;19(4):191-7. doi: 10.1097/01376517-198708000-00004.
Pulmonary embolism is a serious problem in patients with lesions of the central nervous system, with a mortality rate estimated at 15% or higher. Early recognition of pulmonary embolism and institution of measures to prevent further embolic episodes are vital because mortality is frequently attributable to recurrent emboli. Anticoagulants and thrombolytic agents are contraindicated in some groups of patients with neurological and neurosurgical problems. In these patients, interruption of the inferior vena cava may be employed to prevent embolic episodes. Nursing management of the patient with pulmonary embolism includes measures to maintain adequate oxygenation and hemodynamic stability, alleviate apprehension, and prevent recurrent emboli.
肺栓塞在中枢神经系统病变患者中是一个严重问题，估计死亡率为15%或更高。早期识别肺栓塞并采取措施预防进一步的栓塞发作至关重要，因为死亡率常常归因于复发性栓子。抗凝剂和溶栓剂在某些患有神经和神经外科问题的患者组中是禁忌的。在这些患者中，可采用下腔静脉阻断术来预防栓塞发作。肺栓塞患者的护理管理包括维持充足氧合和血流动力学稳定、减轻焦虑以及预防复发性栓子的措施。
