School of Economics and Management, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, Anhui, 232001, PR China.
School of Management, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221116, PR China.
J Environ Manage. 2018 Jul 1;217:47-55. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.03.091. Epub 2018 Mar 26.
To address the problems of excessive energy consumption and global climate change, the Chinese government has issued numerous policies to guide urban residents' low-carbon travel behavior. To evaluate the validity of these policies from the perspective of public opinion, this study summarizes 22 policies from the four vantage points of economics, administration, technology, and public information and then measures residents' response to and evaluation of policies based on survey data on 1977 urban residents using stratified random sampling in five cities in eastern China. The results indicate that from the viewpoint of policy response, administrative policies for promoting public transport show the highest degree of response, followed by public information, technological, and economic policies. Specifically, the responses to parking and congestion fee policies are relatively stronger than those to vehicle purchase tax, vehicle and vessel tax, and fuel surcharge policies. Moreover, the responses to fuel surcharge policy are even weaker than car-restriction policies, including license-plate number restriction, license-plate lottery, and license-plate auction policies. From the viewpoint of policy evaluation, administrative policies for promoting public transport obtain the highest evaluations, followed by economic and technological policies. Residents' evaluations of car-restriction and public information policies are the lowest. In addition, a four-paradigm model is introduced to illustrate residents' reactions to each policy in terms of response and evaluation. Finally, several implementation strategies, including the anterior, concurrent, optional, core, supporting, and assisting policy options are proposed to guide urban residents' low-carbon travel behavior.
为了解决能源消耗过多和全球气候变化的问题，中国政府发布了许多政策来引导城市居民低碳出行。为了从公众舆论的角度评估这些政策的有效性，本研究从经济、管理、技术和公共信息四个角度总结了 22 项政策，然后基于在中国东部五个城市进行的分层随机抽样调查的 1977 名城市居民的数据，测量了居民对政策的反应和评价。结果表明，从政策反应的角度来看，促进公共交通的管理政策的反应程度最高，其次是公共信息、技术和经济政策。具体来说，对停车和拥堵费政策的反应比车辆购置税、车船税和燃油附加税政策的反应更强。此外，对燃油附加税政策的反应甚至弱于车辆限制政策，包括车牌号码限制、车牌抽奖和车牌拍卖政策。从政策评价的角度来看，促进公共交通的管理政策获得了最高的评价，其次是经济和技术政策。居民对车辆限制和公共信息政策的评价最低。此外，还引入了一个四范式模型来说明居民对每个政策的反应，包括反应和评价。最后，提出了几种实施策略，包括前置、并发、可选、核心、支持和辅助政策选择，以引导城市居民的低碳出行行为。
