Huisman Jef, van Oostveen Paul, Weissing Franz J
Am Nat. 1999 Jul;154(1):46-68. doi: 10.1086/303220.
With the eutrophication of many freshwaters and coastal environments, phytoplankton blooms have become a common phenomenon. This article uses a reaction-diffusion model to investigate the implications of mixing processes for the dynamics and species composition of phytoplankton blooms. The model identifies four key parameters for bloom development: incident light intensity, background turbidity, water column depth, and turbulent mixing rates. The model predicts that the turbulent mixing rate is a major determinant of the species composition of phytoplankton blooms. In well-mixed environments, the species with lowest "critical light intensity" should become dominant. But at low mixing rates, the species with lowest critical light intensity is displaced if other species obtain a better position in the light gradient. Instead of a gradual change in species composition, the model predicts steep transitions between the dominance regions of the various species. The model predicts a low species diversity: phytoplankton blooms in eutrophic environments should be dominated by one or a few species only. The model predictions are consistent with laboratory competition experiments and many existing field data. We recommend examining competition in phytoplankton blooms under well-controlled laboratory conditions, and we derive scaling rules that facilitate translation from the laboratory to the field.
随着许多淡水和沿海环境的富营养化，浮游植物水华已成为一种常见现象。本文使用反应扩散模型来研究混合过程对浮游植物水华动态和物种组成的影响。该模型确定了水华发展的四个关键参数：入射光强度、背景浊度、水柱深度和湍流混合率。该模型预测，湍流混合率是浮游植物水华物种组成的主要决定因素。在充分混合的环境中，“临界光强度”最低的物种应占主导地位。但在低混合率下，如果其他物种在光梯度中获得更好的位置，临界光强度最低的物种就会被取代。该模型预测的不是物种组成的逐渐变化，而是不同物种优势区域之间的陡峭转变。该模型预测物种多样性较低：富营养化环境中的浮游植物水华应仅由一种或少数几种物种主导。模型预测结果与实验室竞争实验和许多现有现场数据一致。我们建议在严格控制的实验室条件下研究浮游植物水华的竞争情况，并推导有助于从实验室转化到现场的尺度规则。
