Radiology, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, 132 South 10th Street, Suite 1087, Main Building, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA.
Abdom Radiol (NY). 2018 Oct;43(10):2790-2808. doi: 10.1007/s00261-018-1551-y.
Few things in radiology are "pathognomonic" in their appearance or presentation. However, having an awareness of those findings which are specific to a certain entity is important when interpreting imaging studies. These classic findings can be identified with many imaging modalities, but no modality provides as many recognizable observations as an MRI. This results from the large variety of pulse sequences that provide high contrast resolution, prior to and following contrast administration. In this article, the most classically recognized abdominal findings are presented including the following: Liver: Cyst, hemangioma, focal nodular hyperplasia, hepatic adenoma, hemosiderosis, hepatocellular carcinoma. Spleen: Cyst, hemangioma, lymphangioma, hemosiderosis, Gandy-Gamna bodies. Biliary system: Biliary stones and choledocholithiasis, pneumobilia, choledochal cyst. Gallbladder: Adenomyomatosis, sludge, surgical clips in the gallbladder fossa. Pancreas: Pancreatic divisum, intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm, pseudocyst, autoimmune pancreatitis, chronic pancreatitis, adenocarcinoma. Kidneys: Simple cyst, hemorrhagic cyst, renal sinus cyst, angiomyolipoma, solid mass.
在放射学中，很少有表现或出现方式是“特征性”的。然而，在解读影像学研究时，了解那些特定于特定实体的发现是很重要的。这些典型的发现可以通过多种成像方式来识别，但没有一种方式能像 MRI 那样提供如此多的可识别观察结果。这是因为在使用对比剂前后，MRI 提供了多种高对比度分辨率的脉冲序列。在本文中，将介绍最具代表性的腹部发现，包括以下内容：
肝脏：囊肿、血管瘤、局灶性结节性增生、肝腺瘤、含铁血黄素沉着症、肝细胞癌。
脾脏：囊肿、血管瘤、淋巴管瘤、含铁血黄素沉着症、Gandy-Gamna 体。
胆道系统：胆管结石和胆总管结石、气腹、胆总管囊肿。
胆囊：腺肌增生症、胆泥、胆囊窝内的手术夹。
胰腺：胰腺分裂、胰管内乳头状黏液性肿瘤、假性囊肿、自身免疫性胰腺炎、慢性胰腺炎、腺癌。
肾脏：单纯性囊肿、出血性囊肿、肾窦囊肿、血管平滑肌脂肪瘤、实性肿块。
