Division of Life Science & State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, HKUST, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong.
Adv Exp Med Biol. 2017;981:389-412. doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-55858-5_15.
Interest in the role of Ca signalling as a possible regulator of the combinatorial processes that result in the separation of the daughter cells during cytokinesis, extend back almost a 100 years. One of the key processes required for the successful completion of cytokinesis in animal cells (especially in the large holoblastically and meroblastically dividing embryonic cells of a number of amphibian and fish species), is the dynamic remodelling of the plasma membrane. Ca signalling was subsequently demonstrated to regulate various different aspects of cytokinesis in animal cells, and so here we focus specifically on the role of Ca signalling in the remodelling of the plasma membrane. We begin by providing a brief history of the animal models used and the research accomplished by the early twentieth century investigators, with regards to this aspect of animal cell cytokinesis. We then review the most recent progress made (i.e., in the last 10 years), which has significantly advanced our current understanding on the role of cytokinetic Ca signalling in membrane remodelling. To this end, we initially summarize what is currently known about the Ca transients generated during animal cell cytokinesis, and then we describe the latest findings regarding the source of Ca generating these transients. Finally, we review the current evidence about the possible targets of the different cytokinetic Ca transients with a particular emphasis on those that either directly or indirectly affect plasma membrane dynamics. With regards to the latter, we discuss the possible role of the early Ca signalling events in the deformation of the plasma membrane at the start of cytokinesis (i.e., during furrow positioning), as well as the role of the subsequent Ca signals in the trafficking and fusion of vesicles, which help to remodel the plasma membrane during the final stages of cell division. As it is becoming clear that each of the cytokinetic Ca transients might have multiple, integrated targets, deciphering the precise role of each transient represents a significant (and ongoing) challenge.
人们对 Ca 信号作为可能调节细胞分裂过程中细胞分离的组合过程的调节剂的作用产生了兴趣，这可以追溯到近 100 年前。在动物细胞（尤其是一些两栖动物和鱼类的大型全裂和部分裂胚胎细胞）中成功完成细胞分裂所必需的关键过程之一是质膜的动态重塑。随后的研究表明，Ca 信号调节动物细胞中各种不同的细胞分裂过程，因此，我们在这里特别关注 Ca 信号在质膜重塑中的作用。我们首先简要介绍了早期的动物模型和研究人员在这方面的研究进展，介绍了动物细胞细胞分裂的早期研究。然后，我们回顾了最近取得的进展（即在过去 10 年中），这些进展显著提高了我们对有丝分裂 Ca 信号在膜重塑中的作用的认识。为此，我们首先总结了目前已知的动物细胞有丝分裂过程中产生的 Ca 瞬变，然后描述了关于产生这些瞬变的 Ca 源的最新发现。最后，我们回顾了目前关于不同细胞分裂 Ca 瞬变的可能靶点的证据，特别强调了那些直接或间接影响质膜动力学的靶点。关于后者，我们讨论了早期 Ca 信号事件在细胞分裂开始时（即在沟道定位时）质膜变形中的可能作用，以及随后的 Ca 信号在囊泡运输和融合中的作用，这些作用有助于在细胞分裂的最后阶段重塑质膜。由于每个有丝分裂 Ca 瞬变可能有多个集成的靶点，因此解析每个瞬变的精确作用是一个重大的（并且正在进行的）挑战。
