Institute of Plant and Animal Ecology, Ural Division of Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Vos'mogo Marta 202, Yekaterinburg, 620144, Russia.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2018 Jun;25(16):16144-16166. doi: 10.1007/s11356-018-1787-7. Epub 2018 Mar 29.
The hematological effects of chronic radiation exposure in males of the pygmy wood mouse (Apodemus uralensis Pall., 1811) from the East Urals radioactive trace (EURT) area were assessed, taking into account population abundance and reproductive status (immature, ripening, and mature yearlings). For this purpose, we analyzed the morpho-functional characteristics of erythrocytes (red cell indices [MCV, MCH, MCHC], red cell count, activity of antioxidant enzymes [GSH-Px, CAT], lipid peroxidation, glycolysis, osmotic resistance, methaemoglobin content) and blood plasma components (free hemoglobin, total lipids, total cholesterol, and glucose) in the background territory and the EURT area; these areas have a density of soil contamination with Sr of 12,851 and 198 kBq × m, respectively (four and two order of magnitude higher than the background value). The data indicate the "hyperfunctional" state of the erythrocyte, aimed at activation of the gas transport function of blood in the radioactive environment. This, as a consequence, determines the insufficiency of energy supply of the cell defense system necessary to maintain the structural integrity of the membrane. Intensification of membrane lipid peroxidation, reduction of osmotic resistance and GSH-Px activity in red cells, an increase in the degree of intravascular hemolysis, and tendency towards erythropenia indicate the processes of accelerated aging of erythrocytes and their more pronounced destruction in the circulatory bed. The level of the hematological response increased with increasing radiation burden and was more pronounced with a large population size. The interaction effect of "overpopulation" and "radioactive pollution" was observed to a lesser degree for ripening males, and was very small for sexually mature animals. Immature males from the EURT head part with internal whole-body radiation doses of 0.0045-0.35 mGy/day can be considered as the most sensitive group to the factors synergy, including radiation damage and overabundance population.
本研究旨在探讨东乌拉尔放射性踪迹区（EURT）雄性小家鼠（Apodemus uralensis Pall.，1811）慢性辐射暴露的血液学效应，并考虑种群丰度和生殖状态（未成熟、成熟和成年幼鼠）。为此，我们分析了红细胞的形态功能特征（红细胞指数[MCV、MCH、MCHC]、红细胞计数、抗氧化酶活性[GSH-Px、CAT]、脂质过氧化、糖酵解、渗透抗性、高铁血红蛋白含量）和血液血浆成分（游离血红蛋白、总脂质、总胆固醇和葡萄糖）在背景地区和 EURT 地区；这些地区的土壤 Sr 污染密度分别为 12851 和 198 kBq × m，分别是背景值的四个和两个数量级（高于背景值）。研究结果表明，在放射性环境中，红细胞处于“超功能”状态，旨在激活血液的气体运输功能。这反过来又决定了细胞防御系统的能量供应不足，无法维持膜的结构完整性。红细胞膜脂质过氧化的加剧、渗透抗性和 GSH-Px 活性的降低、血管内溶血程度的增加以及红细胞减少倾向表明红细胞加速老化和在循环床中更明显的破坏过程。血液学反应水平随着辐射负担的增加而增加，并且在种群数量较大时更为明显。在成熟雄性动物中，观察到“过度繁殖”和“放射性污染”的相互作用效应较小，而在性成熟动物中则非常小。EURT 头部内部全身辐射剂量为 0.0045-0.35 mGy/天的未成熟雄性小家鼠可以被认为是对包括辐射损伤和过度繁殖在内的协同因素最敏感的群体。
