Tolstykh Evgenia I, Peremyslova Lyudmila M, Degteva Marina O, Napier Bruce A
Urals Research Center for Radiation Medicine, 68-A, Vorovsky Street, Chelyabinsk, 454076, Russia.
Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA.
Radiat Environ Biophys. 2017 Mar;56(1):27-45. doi: 10.1007/s00411-016-0677-y. Epub 2017 Jan 19.
The East Urals Radioactive Trace (EURT) was formed after a chemical explosion in the radioactive waste-storage facility of the Mayak Production Association in 1957 (Southern Urals, Russia) and resulted in an activity dispersion of 7.4 × 10 Bq into the atmosphere. Internal exposure due to ingestion of radionuclides with local foodstuffs was the main factor of public exposure at the EURT. The EURT cohort, combining residents of most contaminated settlements, was formed for epidemiological study at the Urals Research Center for Radiation Medicine, Russia (URCRM). For the purpose of improvement of radionuclide intake estimates for cohort members, the following data sets collected in URCRM were used: (1) Total β-activity and radiochemical measurements of Sr in local foodstuffs over all of the period of interest (1958-2011; n = 2200), which were used for relative Sr intake estimations. (2) Sr measurements in human bones and whole body (n = 338); these data were used for average Sr intake derivations using an age- and gender-dependent Sr-biokinetic model. Non-strontium radionuclide intakes were evaluated on the basis of Sr intake data and the radionuclide composition of contaminated foodstuffs. Validation of radionuclide intakes during the first years after the accident was first carried out using measurements of the feces β-activity of EURT residents (n = 148). The comparison of experimental and reconstructed values of feces β-activity shows good agreement. Sr intakes for residents of settlements evacuated 7-14 days after the accident were also obtained from Sr measurements in human bone and whole body. The results of radionuclide intake reconstruction will be used to estimate the internal doses for the members of the EURT cohort.
东乌拉尔放射性踪迹（EURT）是1957年在俄罗斯南乌拉尔马亚克生产协会的放射性废物储存设施发生化学爆炸后形成的，导致7.4×10贝克勒尔的放射性活度扩散到大气中。因摄入当地食物中的放射性核素而导致的内照射是EURT地区公众受照的主要因素。EURT队列由大多数受污染定居点的居民组成，用于俄罗斯乌拉尔辐射医学研究中心（URCRM）的流行病学研究。为了改进队列成员放射性核素摄入量的估计，使用了URCRM收集的以下数据集：（1）在整个感兴趣期间（1958 - 2011年；n = 2200）对当地食物中总β活度和锶的放射化学测量，用于相对锶摄入量估计。（2）人体骨骼和全身的锶测量（n = 338）；这些数据用于使用年龄和性别相关的锶生物动力学模型推导平均锶摄入量。非锶放射性核素摄入量根据锶摄入量数据和受污染食物的放射性核素组成进行评估。事故发生后头几年放射性核素摄入量的验证首先通过测量EURT居民的粪便β活度（n = 148）进行。粪便β活度实验值与重建值的比较显示出良好的一致性。事故发生后7 - 14天撤离定居点居民的锶摄入量也从人体骨骼和全身的锶测量中获得。放射性核素摄入量重建结果将用于估计EURT队列成员的内照射剂量。
