Caprio Sonia, Pierpont Bridget, Kursawe Romy
Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
The Jackson Laboratory, Diabetes and Obesity, 10 Discovery Drive Farmington, CT, USA.
Horm Mol Biol Clin Investig. 2018 Mar 29;33(2):/j/hmbci.2018.33.issue-2/hmbci-2018-0005/hmbci-2018-0005.xml. doi: 10.1515/hmbci-2018-0005.
Obesity has become a major global health challenge of the 21st century, as it is associated with the onset of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and cardiovascular complications, even at a very early age in life. The root causes of pediatric obesity remain incompletely understood. The obesity epidemic together with the relationship of obesity to the growing population burden of chronic disease presents unprecedented research opportunities and challenges. Decades of obesity-related research funded by governments around the world have yielded many important discoveries about both etiological pathways and preventive or therapeutic interventions. Yet, there is a sense that the problem is outpacing these research efforts. Obesity poses a significant risk for the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD) , diabetes and certain cancers thereby shortening life expectancy. Nevertheless, many obese individuals do not develop any of these comorbidities. One hypothesis explaining this dilemma is that total body fat is not the culprit of adverse health in obesity rather the relative proportion of lipids in various fat depots is what determines the metabolic risk. In this review, we describe the role of altered fat partitioning in youth onset obesity and its relation to fatty liver and T2D during adolescence.
肥胖已成为21世纪全球主要的健康挑战，因为即使在生命的早期阶段，肥胖也与2型糖尿病（T2D）的发病以及心血管并发症相关。儿童肥胖的根本原因仍未完全明了。肥胖流行以及肥胖与慢性病不断增加的人口负担之间的关系带来了前所未有的研究机遇和挑战。全球各国政府资助的数十年肥胖相关研究已经在病因途径以及预防或治疗干预方面取得了许多重要发现。然而，人们感觉问题的发展速度超过了这些研究工作。肥胖对心血管疾病（CVD）、糖尿病和某些癌症的发生构成重大风险，从而缩短预期寿命。尽管如此，许多肥胖个体并未出现这些合并症中的任何一种。解释这一困境的一种假说是，总体脂肪并非肥胖中健康不良的罪魁祸首，而是各种脂肪储存库中脂质的相对比例决定了代谢风险。在本综述中，我们描述了脂肪分布改变在青少年肥胖发病中的作用及其与青春期脂肪肝和T2D的关系。
