Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 157 71, Greece.
Sensors (Basel). 2018 Mar 29;18(4):1032. doi: 10.3390/s18041032.
This work reviews the field of screen-printed electrodes (SPEs) modified with "green" metals for electrochemical stripping analysis of toxic elements. Electrochemical stripping analysis has been established as a useful trace analysis technique offering many advantages compared to competing optical techniques. Although mercury has been the preferred electrode material for stripping analysis, the toxicity of mercury and the associated legal requirements in its use and disposal have prompted research towards the development of "green" metals as alternative electrode materials. When combined with the screen-printing technology, such environment-friendly metals can lead to disposable sensors for trace metal analysis with excellent operational characteristics. This review focuses on SPEs modified with Au, Bi, Sb, and Sn for stripping analysis of toxic elements. Different modification approaches (electroplating, bulk modification, use of metal precursors, microengineering techniques) are considered and representative applications are described. A developing related field, namely biosensing based on stripping analysis of metallic nanoprobe labels, is also briefly mentioned.
这项工作综述了用于电化学溶出分析有毒元素的“绿色”金属修饰丝网印刷电极（SPEs）领域。与竞争的光学技术相比，电化学溶出分析已被确立为一种有用的痕量分析技术，具有许多优势。尽管汞一直是首选的溶出分析电极材料，但汞的毒性以及与之相关的使用和处置方面的法律要求促使人们研究开发“绿色”金属作为替代电极材料。当与丝网印刷技术结合使用时，这些环保金属可以导致具有优异操作特性的痕量金属分析用一次性传感器。本综述重点介绍了用于有毒元素溶出分析的 Au、Bi、Sb 和 Sn 修饰的 SPE。考虑了不同的修饰方法（电镀、整体修饰、使用金属前体、微工程技术），并描述了代表性应用。还简要提到了一个正在发展的相关领域，即基于金属纳米探针标记物溶出分析的生物传感。
