Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, 157 71, Greece.
Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, 157 71, Greece.
Anal Chim Acta. 2017 Apr 8;961:12-32. doi: 10.1016/j.aca.2017.01.016. Epub 2017 Jan 24.
Over the last years, nanomaterials have found many applications in the development of electrochemical biosensors. Among other functions, metal nanoparticles (NPs) and quantum dots (QDs) (semiconducting nanocrystals composed of metal salts) are increasingly being used as voltammetric labels in affinity biosensing. Labeling is based on the attachment of the label(s) on the target biomolecules or on a biorecognition reporting probe. After an appropriate specific affinity interaction between the target and the reporting probe, the metallic nanolabels are converted to the respective cations which are quantified by a voltammetric technique. The very use of metal-containing nanoprobes as labels provides a first amplification step since each nanoprobe can release a very significant number of detectable cations. When anodic stripping voltammetry (ASV) (in which a preconcentration step precedes the actual voltammetric scan) is further employed as the detection format, ultra-sensitive bioassays can be developed. The present paper reviews the emerging trends in affinity biosensing using ASV detection of metal-containing nanolabels. It provides a critical discussion of recent developments in ASV transduction and electrodes, novel strategies for signal enhancement, approaches for multiplexed detection as well as fluidics, paper-based and lab-on-a-chip devices.
在过去几年中，纳米材料在电化学生物传感器的发展中得到了广泛应用。除了其他功能外，金属纳米粒子（NPs）和量子点（QDs）（由金属盐组成的半导体纳米晶体）越来越多地被用作亲和生物传感中的伏安标签。标记基于将标签（多个）附着在目标生物分子上或生物识别报告探针上。在目标和报告探针之间进行适当的特定亲和相互作用后，将金属纳米标签转化为各自的阳离子，然后通过伏安技术对其进行定量。由于每个纳米探针都可以释放出非常大量的可检测阳离子，因此使用含金属纳米探针作为标签提供了第一个放大步骤。当进一步采用阳极溶出伏安法（ASV）（其中在实际伏安扫描之前进行预浓缩步骤）作为检测形式时，可以开发出超灵敏的生物分析。本文综述了使用含金属纳米标签的 ASV 检测进行亲和生物传感的新兴趋势。它对 ASV 转换和电极的最新发展、信号增强的新策略、多重检测方法以及流动、纸基和片上实验室设备进行了批判性讨论。
