产前和产后吸烟和吸食大麻：对儿童早期分泌型免疫球蛋白 A 的影响。
Prenatal and postnatal cigarette and cannabis exposure: Effects on Secretory Immunoglobulin A in early childhood.
机构信息
Department of Child and Youth Studies, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada; Research Institute on Addictions, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA.
Institute for Interdisciplinary Salivary Bioscience Research, University of California at Irvine, USA; Johns Hopkins University School of Nursing, USA; Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, USA; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, USA.
出版信息
Neurotoxicol Teratol. 2018 May-Jun;67:31-36. doi: 10.1016/j.ntt.2018.03.003. Epub 2018 Mar 26.
AIMS
Secretory Immunoglobulin A (SIgA) plays a critical role in immune functioning by preventing pathogens from adhering to epithelial mucosa. Most infectious agents enter the body via mucosal surfaces, thus SIgA serves in the defense against respiratory, intestinal, and urinogenitary infections, as well as periodontal disease and caries. This study examined the possibility that pre- and postnatal exposure to cigarette and cannabis is associated with individual differences in Secretory Immunoglobulin A (SIgA) levels in early childhood.
METHODS
Participants were 50 mother/infant (29 boys; 35% Caucasian) dyads recruited at their first prenatal appointment in a large northeastern community hospital in the United States. Repeated assessments of pre- and postnatal cigarette and cannabis were conducted beginning in the first trimester of pregnancy, using multiple methods (i.e., saliva, meconium, self-report). Infants were grouped into those prenatally exposed to either cigarette only (n = 19), cigarette and cannabis (n = 19), or with no prenatal substance exposure (n = 12). At age 5 years, the children's saliva was collected and assayed for SIgA.
RESULTS
There were group differences in SIgA levels as a function of prenatal exposure to cigarette and cannabis - children in the cigarette only and the cigarette and cannabis groups had higher SIgA levels compared to the non-exposed children. Children who experienced the combination of postnatal exposure to cigarette and cannabis had higher levels of SIgA, even after accounting for prenatal exposures and other covariates relevant to immune system functioning.
CONCLUSIONS
Prenatal and postnatal exposure to cigarette and cannabis may be associated with hyperactivity of mucosal immunity in early childhood. Links between cigarette and cannabis exposure and health problems in early childhood may be partially explained by prenatal and postnatal exposure-related changes in mucosal immunity.
目的
分泌型免疫球蛋白 A（SIgA）通过防止病原体附着在黏膜上皮上来在免疫功能中发挥关键作用。大多数传染性病原体通过黏膜表面进入人体，因此 SIgA 可用于预防呼吸道、肠道和尿路感染，以及牙周病和龋齿。本研究探讨了产前和产后接触香烟和大麻是否与儿童早期分泌型免疫球蛋白 A（SIgA）水平的个体差异有关。
方法
参与者为 50 对母婴（29 名男孩；35%为白种人），在美国东北部一个大型社区医院的首次产前预约时招募。从妊娠第一学期开始，使用多种方法（即唾液、胎粪、自我报告）对产前香烟和大麻进行反复评估。将婴儿分为仅产前暴露于香烟（n=19）、香烟和大麻（n=19）或无产前物质暴露（n=12）的组。在 5 岁时，收集儿童的唾液并检测 SIgA。
结果
SIgA 水平存在组间差异，这与产前接触香烟和大麻有关——仅接触香烟和香烟和大麻的组的 SIgA 水平高于未接触组的儿童。即使考虑到产前暴露和与免疫系统功能相关的其他协变量，经历了产后同时接触香烟和大麻的儿童的 SIgA 水平也更高。
结论
产前和产后接触香烟和大麻可能与儿童早期黏膜免疫的过度活跃有关。香烟和大麻暴露与儿童早期健康问题之间的联系可能部分解释为与产前和产后暴露相关的黏膜免疫变化。
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