De Genna Natacha M, Goldschmidt Lidush, Richardson Gale A, Cornelius Marie D, Day Nancy L
Department of Psychiatry at the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and Department of Epidemiology in the Graduate School of Public Health, 3811 O'Hara St, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
UPMC Western Psychiatric Hospital, 817 Bellefield Towers, 100 N. Bellefield Ave, Pittsburgh PA 15213, USA.
Addict Behav. 2021 May;116:106820. doi: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2021.106820. Epub 2021 Jan 9.
Daily combustible cigarette use is common among cannabis users, and dual use of cigarettes and cannabis is associated with detrimental outcomes. This study addresses gaps in the literature by examining data from the prenatal and adolescent phases of a prospective, longitudinal study to predict adult daily dual use.
Young adult offspring (M age = 22.8 years, 53% female) from a prenatal cohort reported on combustible cigarette and cannabis use (N = 500, 58% Black, 42% White). Pathways to daily dual use were modeled using variables from the gestational and adolescent phases of the study including prenatal tobacco, alcohol, and cannabis exposures; ages at initiation of cigarettes and cannabis; and adolescent learning/memory, impulsivity, and behavior problems.
Prenatal cannabis and tobacco use were not directly linked to adult daily dual use of cannabis and tobacco. However, structural equation modeling revealed three significant indirect pathways from prenatal cigarette and cannabis exposures to adult daily dual use of cigarettes and cannabis via early cigarette initiation, early cannabis initiation, and adolescent behavior problems.
This study identified pathways from prenatal cannabis and tobacco exposure to adult daily dual use, in addition to clarifying adolescent outcomes that may be part of the pathways. In a climate of growing acceptance of cannabis use and increasing legalization of recreational use, these findings serve as a warning that early exposure to cannabis may have an important role in shaping long-term dual use of tobacco and cannabis.
每日吸食可燃香烟在大麻使用者中很常见，同时使用香烟和大麻会带来有害后果。本研究通过分析一项前瞻性纵向研究的产前和青少年阶段的数据来预测成年人的每日双重使用情况，以填补文献中的空白。
来自一个产前队列的年轻成年后代（平均年龄 = 22.8岁，53%为女性）报告了可燃香烟和大麻的使用情况（N = 500，58%为黑人，42%为白人）。使用该研究的孕期和青少年阶段的变量对每日双重使用的途径进行建模，这些变量包括产前烟草、酒精和大麻暴露；开始使用香烟和大麻的年龄；以及青少年的学习/记忆、冲动性和行为问题。
产前大麻和烟草使用与成年人每日同时使用大麻和烟草没有直接联系。然而，结构方程模型揭示了从产前香烟和大麻暴露到成年人每日同时使用香烟和大麻的三条显著间接途径，分别通过早期开始吸烟、早期开始使用大麻以及青少年行为问题。
本研究确定了从产前大麻和烟草暴露到成年人每日双重使用的途径，此外还阐明了可能是这些途径一部分的青少年期结果。在对大麻使用的接受度不断提高以及娱乐性使用大麻日益合法化的背景下，这些发现警示人们，早期接触大麻可能在形成长期同时使用烟草和大麻的习惯方面发挥重要作用。
