Whole-exome sequencing identifies germline mutation in and in a child with genomically aberrant AT/RT and her mother with anaplastic astrocytoma.

Brain tumors typically arise sporadically and do not affect several family members simultaneously. In the present study, we describe clinical and genetic data from two patients, a mother and her daughter, with familial brain tumors. Exome sequencing revealed a germline missense mutation in the and genes in both cases, and a somatic copy-neutral loss of heterozygosity (LOH) in in both atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor (AT/RT) and astrocytoma tumors. mutation was associated with the loss of ATRX protein expression. In the astrocytoma case, R132C missense mutation was found in the known hotspot site in isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 () and LOH was detected in The mother carried few other somatic alterations, suggesting that the mutation and LOH in were sufficient to drive tumor development. The genome in the AT/RT tumor was atypically aneuploid: Most chromosomes had experienced copy-neutral LOH or whole-chromosome gains. Only Chromosome 18 had normal diploid status. was homozygously deleted in the AT/RT tumor. This report provides further information about tumor development in a predisposed genetic background and describes two special Li-Fraumeni cases with a familial brain tumor.