Autoliv Research, Wallentinsvägen 22, 447 83 Vårgårda, Sweden; Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden.
Autoliv Research, Wallentinsvägen 22, 447 83 Vårgårda, Sweden.
Accid Anal Prev. 2018 Jun;115:178-188. doi: 10.1016/j.aap.2018.03.025. Epub 2018 Mar 30.
Car occupants account for one third of all junction fatalities in the European Union. Driver warning can reduce intersection accidents by up to 50 percent; adding Autonomous Emergency Braking (AEB) delivers a reduction of up to 70 percent. However, these findings are based on an assumed 100 percent equipment rate, which may take decades to achieve. Our study investigates the relationship between intersection AEB market penetration rates and avoidance of accidents and injuries in order to guide implementation strategies. Additionally, residual accident characteristics (impact configurations and severity) are analyzed to provide a basis for future in-crash protection requirements. We determined which accidents would have been avoided through the use of an Intersection AEB system with different sensor field-of-views (180° and 120°) by means of re-simulating the pre-crash phase of 792 straight crossing path (SCP) car-to-car accidents recorded in the German In-Depth Accident Study (GIDAS) and the associated Pre-Crash Matrix (PCM). Intersection AEB was activated when neither of the conflict opponents could avoid the crash through reasonable braking or steering reactions. For not-avoided accidents, we used the Kudlich-Slibar rigid body impulse model to calculate the change of velocity during the impact as a measure of impact severity and the principal direction of force. Accident avoidance over market penetration is not linear but exponential, with higher gains at low penetration rates and lower gains at higher rates. A wide field-of-view sensor (180°) substantially increased accident avoidance and injury mitigation rates compared to a 120° field-of-view sensor. For a 180° field-of-view sensor at 100 percent market penetration, about 80 percent of the accidents and 90 percent of the MAIS2 + F injuries could be avoided. For the remaining accidents, AEB intervention rarely affected side of impact. The median change of velocity (delta-V) of the remaining crashes reduces only marginally at low penetration rates but this reduction increases with higher penetration rates. With 100 percent market penetration, one quarter of the vehicles still involved in straight crossing path accidents will sustain a delta-V higher than 17 km/h. Intersection AEB is very effective. Enabling a fast initial implementation of systems with wide field-of-view sensor(s) and ensuring a high market penetration over the longer term is essential to achieve high crash avoidance and injury mitigation rates over time. The standards for in-crash protection must be high to mitigate injury in the unavoidable, residual accidents.
车内人员占欧盟所有路口死亡人数的三分之一。驾驶员警示可将路口事故减少多达 50%；增加自动紧急制动 (AEB) 可将事故减少多达 70%。然而，这些发现是基于假设的 100%设备使用率，这可能需要几十年的时间才能实现。我们的研究旨在调查交叉口 AEB 市场渗透率与事故和伤害避免之间的关系，以便为实施策略提供指导。此外，还分析了残余事故特征（碰撞配置和严重程度），以为未来的碰撞中保护要求提供依据。我们通过重新模拟德国深入事故研究（GIDAS）和相关的碰撞前矩阵（PCM）中记录的 792 起直穿路径（SCP）车对车事故的预碰撞阶段，确定了不同传感器视场（180°和 120°）的交叉口 AEB 系统可以避免哪些事故。当冲突对手都无法通过合理的制动或转向反应避免碰撞时，就会启动交叉口 AEB。对于未避免的事故，我们使用 Kudlich-Slibar 刚体冲击模型来计算碰撞过程中的速度变化，作为碰撞严重程度和主要力方向的衡量标准。事故避免与市场渗透率并非线性关系，而是呈指数关系，在较低渗透率时收益更高，在较高渗透率时收益更低。与 120°视场传感器相比，宽视场传感器（180°）大大提高了事故避免和伤害减轻率。对于 100%市场渗透率的 180°视场传感器，约 80%的事故和 90%的 MAIS2+F 伤害可以避免。对于其余的事故，AEB 干预很少影响碰撞侧。剩余事故中速度变化（delta-V）的中位数仅在低渗透率时略有降低，但随着渗透率的增加而增加。在 100%市场渗透率的情况下，四分之一的直穿路径事故车辆仍将承受高于 17km/h 的 delta-V。交叉口 AEB 非常有效。要实现随着时间的推移，事故避免和伤害减轻率的提高，必须快速实施具有宽视场传感器的系统，并确保在较长时间内实现高市场渗透率。为了减轻不可避免的残余事故中的伤害，碰撞中保护的标准必须很高。
