Cicchino Jessica B
Insurance Institute for Highway Safety, 1005 North Glebe Road, Arlington, VA 22201 United States, United States.
Accid Anal Prev. 2017 Feb;99(Pt A):142-152. doi: 10.1016/j.aap.2016.11.009. Epub 2016 Nov 26.
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of forward collision warning (FCW) alone, a low-speed autonomous emergency braking (AEB) system operational at speeds up to 19mph that does not warn the driver prior to braking, and FCW with AEB that operates at higher speeds in reducing front-to-rear crashes and injuries. Poisson regression was used to compare rates of police-reported crash involvements per insured vehicle year in 22 U.S. states during 2010-2014 between passenger vehicle models with FCW alone or with AEB and the same models where the optional systems were not purchased, controlling for other factors affecting crash risk. Similar analyses compared rates between Volvo 2011-2012 model S60 and 2010-2012 model XC60 vehicles with a standard low-speed AEB system to those of other luxury midsize cars and SUVs, respectively, without the system. FCW alone, low-speed AEB, and FCW with AEB reduced rear-end striking crash involvement rates by 27%, 43%, and 50%, respectively. Rates of rear-end striking crash involvements with injuries were reduced by 20%, 45%, and 56%, respectively, by FCW alone, low-speed AEB, and FCW with AEB, and rates of rear-end striking crash involvements with third-party injuries were reduced by 18%, 44%, and 59%, respectively. Reductions in rear-end striking crashes with third-party injuries were marginally significant for FCW alone, and all other reductions were statistically significant. FCW alone and low-speed AEB reduced rates of being rear struck in rear-end crashes by 13% and 12%, respectively, but FCW with AEB increased rates of rear-end struck crash involvements by 20%. Almost 1 million U.S. police-reported rear-end crashes in 2014 and more than 400,000 injuries in such crashes could have been prevented if all vehicles were equipped with FCW and AEB that perform similarly as systems did for study vehicles.
本研究的目的是评估单独的前方碰撞预警（FCW）、一种速度最高可达每小时19英里且在制动前不向驾驶员发出警告的低速自动紧急制动（AEB）系统以及在更高速度下运行的带AEB的FCW在减少前后碰撞及伤亡方面的有效性。采用泊松回归比较2010 - 2014年期间美国22个州每辆投保车辆每年警方报告的碰撞事故发生率，这些碰撞事故发生在仅配备FCW或AEB的乘用车车型与未购买可选系统的相同车型之间，并控制其他影响碰撞风险的因素。类似分析分别比较了配备标准低速AEB系统的2011 - 2012款沃尔沃S60车型和2010 - 2012款沃尔沃XC60车型与未配备该系统的其他豪华中型轿车和运动型多用途汽车（SUV）的事故发生率。单独的FCW、低速AEB和带AEB的FCW分别将追尾碰撞事故发生率降低了27%、43%和50%。单独的FCW、低速AEB和带AEB的FCW分别将造成人员受伤的追尾碰撞事故发生率降低了20%、45%和56%，将造成第三方人员受伤的追尾碰撞事故发生率分别降低了18%、44%和59%。单独的FCW在减少造成第三方人员受伤的追尾碰撞事故方面效果略显显著，其他所有降低效果均具有统计学意义。单独的FCW和低速AEB分别将追尾碰撞事故中被后方撞击的发生率降低了13%和12%，但带AEB的FCW使追尾碰撞事故发生率增加了20%。如果所有车辆都配备与研究车辆上的系统性能相似的FCW和AEB，2014年美国警方报告的近100万起追尾碰撞事故以及此类事故中超过40万起人员受伤本可避免。
