Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy.
Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy.
Comp Biochem Physiol Part D Genomics Proteomics. 2018 Jun;26:32-39. doi: 10.1016/j.cbd.2018.03.005. Epub 2018 Mar 27.
The Mediterranean mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis (Lamarck 1819) is a popular shellfish commonly included in human diet and is routinely used as bioindicator in environmental monitoring programmes worldwide. Recently, metabolomics has emerged as a powerful tool both in food research and ecotoxicology for monitoring mussels' freshness and assessing the effects of environmental changes. However, there is still a paucity of data on complete metabolic baseline of mussel tissues. To mitigate this knowledge gap, similarities and differences in metabolite profile of digestive gland (DG), gills (G), and posterior adductor muscle (PAM) of aquaculture-farmed M. galloprovincialis were herein investigated by a proton nuclear magnetic resonance (H NMR)-based metabolomic approach and discussed considering their physiological role. A total of 44 metabolites were identified in mussel tissues and grouped in amino acids, energy metabolites, osmolytes, neurotransmitters, nucleotides, alkaloids, and miscellaneous metabolites. A PCA showed that mussel tissues clustered separately from each other, suggesting a clear differentiation in their metabolic profiles. A Venn diagram revealed that mussel DG, G and PAM shared 27 (61.36%) common metabolites, though with different concentrations. Osmolytes were found to dominate the metabolome of all tissues. The DG exhibited higher level of glutathione and carbohydrates. The G showed greater level of osmolytes and the exclusive presence of neurotransmitters, namely acetylcholine and serotonin. In PAM higher levels of energetics-related metabolites were found. Overall, findings from this study are helpful for a better understanding of mussel tissue-specific physiological functions as well as for future NMR-based metabolomic investigations of marine mussel health and safety.
紫贻贝（Mytilus galloprovincialis）是一种常见的贝类，常被人类食用，也是世界各地环境监测计划中常用的生物指示剂。最近，代谢组学作为一种强大的工具，在食品研究和生态毒理学中广泛应用于监测贻贝的新鲜度和评估环境变化的影响。然而，关于贻贝组织完整代谢基线的数据仍然很少。为了弥补这一知识空白，本研究通过基于质子核磁共振（1H NMR）的代谢组学方法，研究了养殖紫贻贝消化腺（DG）、鳃（G）和后收肌（PAM）中代谢物图谱的相似性和差异性，并结合其生理功能进行了讨论。在贻贝组织中鉴定出 44 种代谢物，分为氨基酸、能量代谢物、渗透调节剂、神经递质、核苷酸、生物碱和其他代谢物。PCA 表明贻贝组织彼此聚类分开，表明它们的代谢图谱有明显差异。Venn 图显示贻贝 DG、G 和 PAM 共有 27 种（61.36%）共同代谢物，尽管浓度不同。渗透调节剂被发现是所有组织代谢组的主要成分。DG 表现出较高水平的谷胱甘肽和碳水化合物。G 显示出更高水平的渗透调节剂和独特的神经递质，即乙酰胆碱和 5-羟色胺。在 PAM 中发现了更高水平的能量相关代谢物。总的来说，这项研究的结果有助于更好地理解贻贝组织的特定生理功能，以及未来基于 NMR 的海洋贻贝健康和安全代谢组学研究。
