Department of Psychology, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts.
Département de Psychologie, University of Bourgogne Franche Comté, France.
J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci. 2020 Jan 14;75(2):241-250. doi: 10.1093/geronb/gby031.
In two studies, we examined the effects of age-related stereotype threat on eyewitness memory using the misinformation paradigm to (a) examine stereotype threat in the context of a more ecologically valid memory task and (b) to determine the relationship between task difficulty and susceptibility to stereotype threat.
After watching a video that depicted a crime, older and younger adult participants were presented with a written synopsis in which information consistent or inconsistent with the original event was presented. Half of the participants were then presented with information designed to activate negative stereotypes about aging. Finally, participants completed a memory test.
In Study 1, when participants were instructed to report information from either the video or the synopsis to complete the final memory test, older adults under high stereotype threat were less accurate than those under low threat. In Study 2, when participants were required to engage in more controlled processes at retrieval and respond with only video information, older adults under stereotype threat performed as well or better than those under low threat.
The results are consistent with the Regulatory Focus Model of Stereotype Threat.
在两项研究中，我们使用误导信息范式，考察了与年龄相关的刻板印象威胁对目击者记忆的影响，以（a）在更符合生态的记忆任务背景下检验刻板印象威胁，以及（b）确定任务难度与易受刻板印象威胁的关系。
在观看一段描述犯罪的视频后，年长和年轻的成年参与者会看到一份书面概要，其中呈现的信息与原始事件一致或不一致。然后，一半的参与者会看到旨在激活与衰老有关的负面刻板印象的信息。最后，参与者完成记忆测试。
在研究 1 中，当参与者被指示根据视频或概要报告信息以完成最终的记忆测试时，高刻板印象威胁下的老年参与者的准确性低于低威胁下的参与者。在研究 2 中，当参与者需要在检索时进行更多的控制过程，并仅用视频信息作答时，高刻板印象威胁下的老年参与者的表现与低威胁下的参与者一样好，甚至更好。
结果与刻板印象威胁的调节焦点模型一致。
