Horticultural Therapy Rehabilitation and Education Center, Changwon 51670, South Korea.
Department of Environmental Health Science, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, South Korea.
Complement Ther Med. 2018 Apr;37:29-36. doi: 10.1016/j.ctim.2018.01.008. Epub 2018 Jan 31.
This study developed evaluation scales for measuring the effects of horticultural therapy in practical settings.
Qualitative and quantitative research, including three preliminary studies and a main study, were conducted.
In the first study, a total of 779 horticultural therapists answered an open-end questionnaire based on 58 items about elements of occupational therapy and seven factors about singularity of horticultural therapy. In the second study, 20 horticultural therapists participated in in-depth interviews. In the third study, a Delphi method was conducted with 24 horticultural therapists to build a model of assessment indexes and ensure the validity. In the final study, the reserve scales were tested by 121 horticultural therapists in their practical settings for 1045 clients, to verify their reliability and validity.
Preliminary questions in the effects area of horticultural therapy were developed in the first study, and validity for the components in the second study. In the third study, an expert Delphi survey was conducted as part of content validity verification of the preliminary tool of horticultural therapy for physical, cognitive, psychological-emotional, and social areas. In the final study, the evaluation tool, which verified the construct, convergence, discriminant, and predictive validity and reliability test, was used to finalise the evaluation tool.
The effects of horticultural therapy were classified as four different aspects, namely, physical, cognitive, psycho-emotional, and social, based on previous studies on the effects of horticultural therapy. 98 questions in the four aspects were selected as reserve scales. The reliability of each scale was calculated as 0.982 in physical, 0.980 in cognitive, 0.965 in psycho-emotional, and 0.972 in social aspects based on the Cronbach's test of intra-item internal consistency and half reliability of Spearman-Brown.
This study was the first to demonstrate validity and reliability by simultaneously developing four measures of horticultural therapy effectiveness, namely, physical, cognitive, psychological-emotional, and social, both locally and externally. It is especially worthwhile in that it can be applied in common to people.
本研究开发了评估园艺疗法在实际环境中效果的评估量表。
采用定性和定量研究，包括三项初步研究和一项主要研究。
在第一项研究中，共有 779 名园艺治疗师根据 58 项作业治疗元素和园艺治疗独特性的 7 个因素回答了一份开放式问卷。在第二项研究中，20 名园艺治疗师参与了深入访谈。在第三项研究中，采用德尔菲法对 24 名园艺治疗师进行了评估，建立了评估指标模型并确保了有效性。在最后一项研究中，121 名园艺治疗师在实际环境中对 1045 名患者进行了储备量表测试，以验证其可靠性和有效性。
第一项研究中开发了园艺疗法效果领域的初步问题，第二项研究中验证了组成部分的有效性。在第三项研究中，作为园艺疗法初步工具内容有效性验证的一部分，进行了专家德尔菲调查，以验证园艺疗法对身体、认知、心理-情绪和社会领域的影响。在最后一项研究中，使用验证了结构、收敛、判别和预测有效性和可靠性测试的评估工具，最终确定了评估工具。
根据以往园艺疗法效果的研究，将园艺疗法的效果分为身体、认知、心理-情绪和社会四个不同方面。从这四个方面中选择了 98 个问题作为储备量表。基于 Cronbach's 内部一致性测试和 Spearman-Brown 半可靠性，对每个量表的可靠性进行了计算，身体方面为 0.982，认知方面为 0.980，心理-情绪方面为 0.965，社会方面为 0.972。
本研究首次通过同时开发园艺疗法有效性的四项衡量标准，即身体、认知、心理-情绪和社会，在本地和外部同时证明了有效性和可靠性。这尤其值得注意，因为它可以应用于普通人。
