Human Development and Health Academic Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, IDS Building, MP887 Southampton General Hospital, Tremona Road, Southampton SO16 6YD, United Kingdom.
Human Development and Health Academic Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, IDS Building, MP887 Southampton General Hospital, Tremona Road, Southampton SO16 6YD, United Kingdom; National Institute for Health Research Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust and University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, United Kingdom.
Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids. 2018 May;132:41-48. doi: 10.1016/j.plefa.2018.03.004. Epub 2018 Mar 22.
Inflammation is a normal process that is part of host defence and tissue healing. However, excessive or unresolved inflammation can lead to uncontrolled tissue damage, pathology and disease. In humans on a Western diet, the omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid arachidonic acid (ARA) makes a significant contribution to the fatty acids present in the membrane phospholipids of cells involved in inflammation. ARA is a precursor to a number of potent pro-inflammatory mediators including well described prostaglandins and leukotrienes, which has led to the development of anti-inflammatory pharmaceuticals that target the ARA pathway to successfully control inflammation. Hence, it is commonly believed that increasing dietary intake of the omega-6 fatty acids ARA or its precursor linoleic acid (LA) will increase inflammation. However, studies in healthy human adults have found that increased intake of ARA or LA does not increase the concentrations of many inflammatory markers. Epidemiological studies have even suggested that ARA and LA may be linked to reduced inflammation. Contrastingly, there is also evidence that a high omega-6 fatty acid diet inhibits the anti-inflammatory and inflammation-resolving effect of the omega-3 fatty acids. Thus, the interaction of omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids and their lipid mediators in the context of inflammation is complex and still not properly understood.
炎症是宿主防御和组织修复的正常过程的一部分。然而，过度或未解决的炎症会导致不受控制的组织损伤、病理和疾病。在西方饮食的人群中，ω-6 多不饱和脂肪酸花生四烯酸 (ARA) 对参与炎症的细胞的膜磷脂中的脂肪酸有重要贡献。ARA 是许多强效促炎介质的前体，包括已描述的前列腺素和白三烯，这导致了靶向 ARA 途径的抗炎药物的开发，以成功控制炎症。因此，人们普遍认为增加ω-6 脂肪酸 ARA 或其前体亚油酸 (LA) 的饮食摄入会增加炎症。然而，对健康成年人类的研究发现，增加 ARA 或 LA 的摄入量不会增加许多炎症标志物的浓度。流行病学研究甚至表明，ARA 和 LA 可能与炎症减轻有关。相比之下，也有证据表明，高ω-6 脂肪酸饮食会抑制ω-3 脂肪酸的抗炎和炎症缓解作用。因此，在炎症的背景下，ω-3 和 ω-6 脂肪酸及其脂质介质的相互作用是复杂的，仍未得到很好的理解。
