Zhao Liang
School of Education, Baoji University of Arts and Sciences, No. 1 Hi-Tech Avenue, Baoji, 721000, Shaanxi, China.
Psychol Res. 2019 Mar;83(2):227-234. doi: 10.1007/s00426-018-1002-y. Epub 2018 Apr 2.
Behavioral and neuroscience studies have shown that observation of objects automatically evokes potential actions to interact with those objects. In this study, the left and right hand key presses were facilitated when they corresponded with the task-irrelevant handle orientation of household objects, which is termed the affordance effect. The present study investigated how the affordance effect is affected by the action context when other agents are observed acting on a neutral or dangerous object. Participants were shown a series of pictures in which an actor grasped a neutral or dangerous object and moved it away from or toward the participant. The participants were required to press different keys to identify a symbol which was presented above the last picture. The results showed that affordance effect of a neutral object was modulated by the direction of object movement. When the neutral object moved away from the participant, an affordance effect was observed if the perceived action was congruent with handle orientation, whereas the affordance effect emerged if the perceived action was incongruent with handle orientation when the object was moved toward the participant. However, for the dangerous object, the affordance effect was obtained regardless of object movement direction or congruency between perceived action and handle orientation. This result suggests that the processing of objects involves a sophisticated integration of body behavior with the object.
行为学和神经科学研究表明，对物体的观察会自动引发与这些物体进行交互的潜在动作。在本研究中，当左右按键与家用物品的任务无关的把手方向相对应时，按键操作会得到促进，这被称为可供性效应。本研究调查了在观察到其他主体对中性或危险物体采取行动时，可供性效应如何受到行动背景的影响。向参与者展示了一系列图片，图片中一名演员抓住一个中性或危险物体，并将其移开或移向参与者。要求参与者按下不同的按键来识别最后一张图片上方呈现的一个符号。结果表明，中性物体的可供性效应受到物体移动方向的调节。当中性物体远离参与者移动时，如果感知到的动作与把手方向一致，则会观察到可供性效应，而当物体移向参与者时，如果感知到的动作与把手方向不一致，则会出现可供性效应。然而，对于危险物体，无论物体的移动方向或感知到的动作与把手方向之间的一致性如何，都会获得可供性效应。这一结果表明，对物体的处理涉及身体行为与物体的复杂整合。
