Nadarajah Nandakumaran, Khodabandeh Amir, Wang Kan, Choudhury Mazher, Teunissen Peter J G
GNSS Research Centre, Department of Spatial Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6845, Australia.
Department of Geoscience and Remote Sensing, Delft University of Technology, 2628 CN, Delft, The Netherlands.
Sensors (Basel). 2018 Apr 3;18(4):1078. doi: 10.3390/s18041078.
Precise point positioning (PPP) and its integer ambiguity resolution-enabled variant, PPP-RTK (real-time kinematic), can benefit enormously from the integration of multiple global navigation satellite systems (GNSS). In such a multi-GNSS landscape, the positioning convergence time is expected to be reduced considerably as compared to the one obtained by a single-GNSS setup. It is therefore the goal of the present contribution to provide numerical insights into the role taken by the multi-GNSS integration in delivering fast and high-precision positioning solutions (sub-decimeter and centimeter levels) using PPP-RTK. To that end, we employ the Curtin PPP-RTK platform and process data-sets of GPS, BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS) and Galileo in stand-alone and combined forms. The data-sets are collected by various receiver types, ranging from high-end multi-frequency geodetic receivers to low-cost single-frequency mass-market receivers. The corresponding stations form a large-scale (Australia-wide) network as well as a small-scale network with inter-station distances less than 30 km. In case of the Australia-wide GPS-only ambiguity-float setup, 90% of the horizontal positioning errors (kinematic mode) are shown to become less than five centimeters after 103 min. The stated required time is reduced to 66 min for the corresponding GPS + BDS + Galieo setup. The time is further reduced to 15 min by applying single-receiver ambiguity resolution. The outcomes are supported by the positioning results of the small-scale network.
精确点定位（PPP）及其启用整周模糊度解算的变体PPP-RTK（实时动态定位），能从多个全球导航卫星系统（GNSS）的集成中极大受益。在这样的多GNSS环境中，与单GNSS设置相比，定位收敛时间预计会大幅缩短。因此，本论文的目标是提供数值见解，以深入了解多GNSS集成在使用PPP-RTK提供快速高精度定位解决方案（亚分米和厘米级别）中所起的作用。为此，我们采用科廷大学的PPP-RTK平台，以独立和组合形式处理GPS、北斗导航卫星系统（BDS）和伽利略系统的数据集。这些数据集由各种类型的接收机收集，从高端多频大地测量接收机到低成本单频大众市场接收机。相应的测站形成了一个大规模（全澳大利亚范围）网络以及一个站间距小于30公里的小规模网络。在全澳大利亚范围仅使用GPS的模糊度浮点解设置中，90%的水平定位误差（动态模式）在103分钟后显示小于5厘米。对于相应的GPS+BDS+伽利略系统设置，所述所需时间减少到66分钟。通过应用单接收机模糊度解算，时间进一步减少到15分钟。小规模网络的定位结果支持了这些结果。
