Matuszkiewicz Mateusz, Sobczak Miroslaw, Cabrera Javier, Escobar Carolina, Karpiński Stanislaw, Filipecki Marcin
Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding, and Biotechnology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW, Warsaw, Poland.
Department of Botany, Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW, Warsaw, Poland.
Front Plant Sci. 2018 Mar 19;9:314. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00314. eCollection 2018.
Cyst-forming plant-parasitic nematodes are common pests of many crops. They inject secretions into host cells to induce the developmental and metabolic reprogramming that leads to the formation of a syncytium, which is the sole food source for growing nematodes. As in other host-parasite models, avirulence leads to rapid and local programmed cell death (PCD) known as the hypersensitive response (HR), whereas in the case of virulence, PCD is still observed but is limited to only some cells. Several regulators of PCD were analyzed to understand the role of PCD in compatible plant-nematode interactions. Thus, plants carrying recessive mutations in () family genes were subjected to nematode infection assays with juveniles of . LSD1 is a negative and conditional regulator of PCD, and fewer and smaller syncytia were induced in the roots of mutants than in wild-type Col-0 plants. Mutation in () revealed a pattern of susceptibility to antagonistic to Syncytia induced on roots compared to Col0 showed significantly retarded growth, modified cell wall structure, increased vesiculation, and some myelin-like bodies present at 7 and 12 days post-infection. To place these data in a wider context, RNA-sequencing analysis of infected and uninfected roots was conducted. During nematode infection, the number of transcripts with changed expression in was approximately three times smaller than in wild-type plants (1440 vs. 4206 differentially expressed genes, respectively). LSD1-dependent PCD in roots is thus a highly regulated process in compatible plant-nematode interactions. Two genes identified in this analysis, coding for AUTOPHAGY-RELATED PROTEIN 8F and 8H were down-regulated in syncytia in the presence of LSD1 and showed an increased susceptibility to nematode infection contrasting with phenotype. Our data indicate that molecular regulators belonging to the family play an important role in precise balancing of diverse PCD players during syncytium development required for successful nematode parasitism.
形成孢囊的植物寄生线虫是许多作物的常见害虫。它们将分泌物注入宿主细胞，诱导发育和代谢重编程，从而导致多核细胞的形成，而多核细胞是生长中线虫的唯一食物来源。与其他宿主 - 寄生虫模型一样，无毒力会导致快速且局部的程序性细胞死亡（PCD），即过敏反应（HR），而在有毒力的情况下，仍可观察到PCD，但仅限于某些细胞。分析了几种PCD调节因子，以了解PCD在植物与线虫兼容互作中的作用。因此，对携带（）家族基因隐性突变的植物进行了线虫感染试验，用的幼虫进行感染。LSD1是PCD的负向和条件调节因子，与野生型Col-0植物相比，突变体根中诱导形成的多核细胞更少且更小。（）中的突变揭示了一种对的易感性模式，与Col0相比，在根上诱导形成的多核细胞生长明显迟缓，细胞壁结构改变，液泡化增加，并且在感染后7天和12天出现一些髓鞘样小体。为了将这些数据置于更广泛的背景中，对感染和未感染的根进行了RNA测序分析。在对线虫感染期间，中表达发生变化的转录本数量比野生型植物大约小三倍（分别为1440个和4206个差异表达基因）。因此，根中依赖LSD1的PCD是植物与线虫兼容互作中一个高度受调控的过程。在该分析中鉴定出的两个基因，编码自噬相关蛋白8F和8H，在存在LSD1的多核细胞中表达下调，并且与表型相比，对线虫感染的易感性增加。我们的数据表明，属于家族的分子调节因子在成功的线虫寄生所需的多核细胞发育过程中，对多种PCD参与者的精确平衡起着重要作用。
