Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne , Parkville , Australia.
Department of Physiology, University of Melbourne , Parkville , Australia.
Physiology (Bethesda). 2018 May 1;33(3):170-181. doi: 10.1152/physiol.00037.2017.
Mammals are characterized by a stable core body temperature. When maintenance of core temperature is challenged by ambient or internal heat loads, mammals increase blood flow to the skin, sweat and/or pant, or salivate. These thermoregulatory responses enable evaporative cooling at moist surfaces to dissipate body heat. If water losses incurred during evaporative cooling are not replaced, body fluid homeostasis is challenged. This article reviews the way mammals balance thermoregulation and osmoregulation.
哺乳动物的特征是核心体温稳定。当环境或内部热量负荷对核心温度的维持构成挑战时，哺乳动物会增加皮肤血流量、出汗和/或喘气、或分泌唾液。这些体温调节反应使湿润表面的蒸发冷却能够散发体热。如果在蒸发冷却过程中失去的水分得不到补充，体液平衡就会受到挑战。本文综述了哺乳动物平衡体温调节和渗透压调节的方式。
