Department of Poultry Science, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762.
Poult Sci. 2018 Jul 1;97(7):2322-2338. doi: 10.3382/ps/pey081.
The various methods employed for the in ovo administration of different materials for promoting the health and productivity of poultry are discussed in this review article. The amnion has proven to be an effective site for injection and the timing of in ovo injection has commonly occurred at transfer. However, the volumes and dosages or concentrations of the materials administered vary depending on bird type, egg size, timing and site of injection, incubation system and regimen, and the type of material. Both manual and automated injections have been shown to be effective. Nevertheless, commercial application mandates automation. Materials described in the literature over the past 20 years or more for in ovo use in avian species include vaccines, drugs, hormones, competitive exclusion cultures and prebiotics, and supplemental nutrients. Vaccines approved for in ovo delivery include those for Marek's disease, infectious bursal disease, fowl pox, Newcastle disease, and coccidiosis. Some of the materials listed above have been shown to be viable candidates for enhancing immunity and for promoting embryonic and posthatch development. Several reports have indicated that probiotics may be effectively used to fight intestinal bacterial infections, and folic aid, as well as egg white protein and various amino acids, including L-arginine, L-lysine, L-histidine, HMB, and threonine alone or in combination, have been shown to benefit embryonic development or posthatch performance. Furthermore, CpG oligodeoxynucleotides, vitamins C and E, and thyme and savory have the potential to enhance immunity, carbohydrates can be used to increase tissue glycogen stores, and creatine can be used to promote muscle growth. Trace minerals and vitamin D3 have shown potential to improve bone strength, and potassium chloride may be an effective alternative electrolyte in vaccine diluent. The in ovo application of these and other materials will continue to expand and provide further benefits to the poultry industry.
本文综述了用于鸡胚内给药以提高家禽健康和生产力的各种方法。羊膜已被证明是注射的有效部位，鸡胚内注射的时间通常在转移时进行。然而，给药的材料的体积、剂量或浓度取决于鸟类类型、蛋大小、注射时间和部位、孵化系统和方案以及材料类型。手动和自动注射都已被证明是有效的。然而，商业应用要求自动化。在过去 20 多年的文献中，描述了可用于禽类的鸡胚内使用的材料，包括疫苗、药物、激素、竞争性排斥培养物和益生元以及补充营养物质。已批准用于鸡胚内给药的疫苗包括用于马立克氏病、传染性法氏囊病、禽痘、新城疫和球虫病的疫苗。上述一些材料已被证明是增强免疫力和促进胚胎和孵化后发育的可行候选物。有几份报告表明，益生菌可能有效地用于对抗肠道细菌感染，叶酸辅助剂以及蛋清蛋白和各种氨基酸，包括 L-精氨酸、L-赖氨酸、L-组氨酸、HMB 和苏氨酸单独或组合使用，已被证明有益于胚胎发育或孵化后性能。此外，CpG 寡脱氧核苷酸、维生素 C 和维生素 E 以及百里香和马郁兰具有增强免疫力的潜力，碳水化合物可用于增加组织糖原储存，肌酸可用于促进肌肉生长。痕量矿物质和维生素 D3 显示出改善骨骼强度的潜力，氯化钾可能是疫苗稀释剂中有效的替代电解质。这些和其他材料的鸡胚内应用将继续扩大，并为家禽业带来进一步的好处。
