Yeh An-Yun, Pressler Susan J, Giordani Bruno J, Pozehl Bunny J, Berger Ann M
1 College of Nursing, The University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
2 School of Nursing, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
Biol Res Nurs. 2018 Jul;20(4):440-451. doi: 10.1177/1099800418768070. Epub 2018 Apr 4.
Impaired episodic memory in older adults has been linked to many factors. One of these factors is sleep disturbances, which are reported by more than 50% of older adults. The relationship between episodic memory and sleep disturbances remains unclear, however, because of the multiple types of measures of sleep and episodic memory used in previous studies. The purpose of this integrative literature review was to integrate and compare findings on this relationship in adults aged 65 years. An electronic search was conducted in PubMed, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, PsychINFO, and Medline for material published from the inception of the databases to December 2016. The literature search produced 13 data-based, peer-reviewed, and primary research articles that met eligibility criteria. The synthesized results from these articles provide evidence that older adults with 6-8 hr of self-reported total sleep time had better episodic memory than older adults with ≤5 hr or ≥9 hr of total sleep time. Shorter length and lower percentage of slow-wave sleep were associated with reduced episodic memory in older adults, but the results were controversial. Selection of different measurements and inconsistent variables across studies increased the difficulty of synthesizing and comparing the results. The diversity of covariates controlled in the included articles raise questions regarding which covariates should be controlled in such studies of sleep and episodic memory in older adults. The numerous study limitations were thus major barriers to understanding the relationship between sleep disturbances and episodic memory.
老年人情景记忆受损与多种因素有关。其中一个因素是睡眠障碍，超过50%的老年人都有睡眠障碍的问题。然而，由于先前研究中使用了多种睡眠和情景记忆测量方法，情景记忆与睡眠障碍之间的关系仍不明确。这篇综合文献综述的目的是整合和比较65岁及以上成年人中这一关系的研究结果。在PubMed、护理学与健康相关文献累积索引、心理学文摘数据库和医学期刊数据库中进行了电子检索，以查找从数据库建立到2016年12月发表的资料。文献检索产生了13篇符合入选标准的基于数据、经过同行评审的原创研究文章。这些文章的综合结果表明，自我报告的总睡眠时间为6 - 8小时的老年人比总睡眠时间≤5小时或≥9小时的老年人具有更好的情景记忆。慢波睡眠的时长较短和占比较低与老年人情景记忆减退有关，但结果存在争议。不同测量方法的选择以及各研究中变量的不一致增加了综合和比较结果的难度。纳入文章中所控制协变量的多样性，引发了关于在老年人睡眠与情景记忆这类研究中应控制哪些协变量的问题。因此，众多的研究局限性是理解睡眠障碍与情景记忆之间关系的主要障碍。
