1 Private Practice, Windsor, ON Canada.
2 Division of Mental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway.
Crisis. 2018 Nov;39(6):416-427. doi: 10.1027/0227-5910/a000508. Epub 2018 Apr 5.
Theory is the foundation of science; this is true in suicidology. Over decades of studies of suicide notes, Leenaars developed a multidimensional model of suicide, with international (crosscultural) studies and independent verification.
To corroborate Leenaars's theory with a psychological autopsy (PA) study, examining age and sex of the decedent, and survivor's relationship to deceased.
A PA study in Norway, with 120 survivors/informants was undertaken. Leenaars' theoretical-conceptual (protocol) analysis was undertaken of the survivors' narratives and in-depth interviews combined.
Substantial interjudge reliability was noted (κ = .632). Overall, there was considerable confirmatory evidence of Leenaars's intrapsychic and interpersonal factors in suicide survivors' narratives. Differences were found in the age of the decedent, but not in sex, nor in the survivor's closeness of the relationship. Older deceased people were perceived to exhibit more heightened unbearable intrapsychic pain, associated with the suicide.
Leenaars's theory has corroborative verification, through the decedents' suicide notes and the survivors' narratives. However, the multidimensional model needs further testing to develop a better evidence-based way of understanding suicide.
理论是科学的基础；这在自杀学中也是如此。几十年来，Leenaars 对自杀遗言进行了研究，提出了一个多维的自杀模型，该模型具有国际（跨文化）研究和独立验证。
通过心理解剖（PA）研究来证实 Leenaars 的理论，检查死者的年龄和性别，以及幸存者与死者的关系。
在挪威进行了一项 PA 研究，共有 120 名幸存者/知情人参与。对幸存者的叙述和深入访谈进行了 Leenaars 的理论概念（方案）分析。
注意到相当大的法官间可靠性（κ =.632）。总体而言，在自杀幸存者的叙述中，有大量证据证实了 Leenaars 的内在心理和人际关系因素。在死者的年龄上存在差异，但在性别上没有差异，也没有幸存者关系的亲密程度上的差异。被认为年龄较大的死者表现出更强烈的无法承受的内在心理痛苦，这与自杀有关。
通过死者的自杀遗言和幸存者的叙述，证实了 Leenaars 的理论。然而，多维模型需要进一步测试，以开发出更好的基于证据的理解自杀的方法。
