Röhrig Gabriele, Kolb Gerald
Zentrum für spezialisierte geriatrische Diagnostik, MVZ Medicum Köln-Ost, Johann-Classen-Str. 68, 51103, Köln, Deutschland.
Medizinische Klinik, Fachbereich Geriatrie, Bonifatius Hospital Lingen (Ems), Lingen (Ems), Deutschland.
Z Gerontol Geriatr. 2018 Apr;51(3):349-363. doi: 10.1007/s00391-018-1384-x. Epub 2018 Apr 5.
Anticoagulation in geriatric patients is challenging regarding the risk of bleeding complications and thromboembolic problems. Age, comorbidities, such as renal insufficiency and polymedication have a vital impact on bleeding and thromboembolic risks; however, age is not an exclusion criterion for withholding anticoagulation. Age is the main risk factor for deep vein thrombosis and atrial fibrillation becomes more relevant with aging. Older patients with atrial fibrillation have a particularly high risk of having a stroke. Therefore, very old patients benefit particularly from oral anticoagulation because the risk of bleeding is outweighed by the clinical benefit of stroke prevention. Risk of bleeding and thromboembolic problems can be easily assessed by established diagnostic tools. This article reviews the epidemiology of thromboembolic problems in the aged as well as current diagnostic and therapeutic steps for primary and secondary prevention.
对于老年患者而言,抗凝治疗在出血并发症风险和血栓栓塞问题方面颇具挑战性。年龄、合并症,如肾功能不全和多种药物联用,对出血和血栓栓塞风险有着至关重要的影响;然而,年龄并非停用抗凝治疗的排除标准。年龄是深静脉血栓形成的主要危险因素,且心房颤动随着年龄增长愈发常见。老年心房颤动患者发生中风的风险尤其高。因此,高龄患者特别受益于口服抗凝治疗,因为预防中风的临床益处超过了出血风险。通过既定的诊断工具可轻松评估出血和血栓栓塞问题的风险。本文综述了老年人群中血栓栓塞问题的流行病学以及一级和二级预防的当前诊断和治疗步骤。