College of Medicine, Center for Surgical Infection and Biofilm, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
J Appl Microbiol. 2018 Aug;125(2):383-397. doi: 10.1111/jam.13777. Epub 2018 May 4.
To understand the underlying cellular mechanisms during inactivation of Escherichia coli in response to antimicrobial solution of nonthermal plasma-activated N-acetylcysteine (NAC).
The recommended techniques were used to demonstrate E. coli cellular and transcriptomic changes caused associated with peroxynitrite and compared with plasma-treated NAC solution. The findings demonstrate that E. coli cells respond to plasma-treated NAC and undergo severe oxidative and nitrosative stress, and leading to stress-induced damages to different components of bacterial cells, which includes loss of membrane potential, formation of oxidized glutathione (GSSG), formation of nitrotyrosine (a known marker of nitrosative stress), DNA damage, and generated a prominent pool of peroxynitrite. Reverse-transcriptase (RT)-polymerase chain reaction analysis of reactive nitrogen species (RNS) responsive genes indicated their differential expressions.
For the first time, we report that the plasma-treated NAC solution activates predominantly nitrosative stress-responsive genes in E. coli and is responsible for cell death.
The reactive species generated in solutions by nonthermal plasma treatment depends on the type of solution or solvent used. The plasma-treated NAC solution rapidly inactivates E. coli, mostly involving highly RNS generated in NAC solution, and has high potential as disinfectant.
了解大肠杆菌在非热等离子体激活的 N-乙酰半胱氨酸（NAC）抗菌溶液作用下失活的细胞内机制。
采用推荐的技术来证明与过氧亚硝酸盐相关的大肠杆菌细胞和转录组变化，并与等离子体处理的 NAC 溶液进行比较。研究结果表明，大肠杆菌细胞对等离子体处理的 NAC 有反应，并经历严重的氧化和硝化应激，导致细菌细胞不同成分的应激损伤，包括膜电位丧失、氧化型谷胱甘肽（GSSG）的形成、硝基酪氨酸（一种已知的硝化应激标志物）的形成、DNA 损伤和产生大量过氧亚硝酸盐。活性氮物种（RNS）反应基因的逆转录-聚合酶链反应分析表明它们的差异表达。
我们首次报告，等离子体处理的 NAC 溶液主要激活大肠杆菌中的硝化应激反应基因，并导致细胞死亡。
非热等离子体处理溶液中产生的活性物质取决于所使用的溶液或溶剂的类型。等离子体处理的 NAC 溶液可快速灭活大肠杆菌，主要涉及 NAC 溶液中产生的高 RNS，作为消毒剂具有很大的潜力。
