31P NMR saturation-transfer and 13C NMR kinetic studies of glycolytic regulation during anaerobic and aerobic glycolysis.

31P NMR saturation-transfer techniques have been employed in glucose-grown derepressed yeast to determine unidirectional fluxes in the upper part of the Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas pathway. The experiments were performed during anaerobic and aerobic glycolysis by saturating the ATP gamma resonances and monitoring changes in the phosphomonoester signals from glucose 6-phosphate and fructose 1,6-bis-phosphate. These experiments were supplemented with 13C NMR measurements of glucose utilization rates and 13C NMR label distribution studies. Combined with data obtained previously from radioisotope measurements, these 31P and 13C NMR kinetic studies allowed estimation of the net glycolytic flow in addition to relative flows through phosphofructokinase (PFK) and Fru-1,6-P2ase during anaerobic and aerobic glycolysis. The 31P NMR saturation-transfer results are consistent with previous results obtained from measurements of metabolite levels, radioisotope data, and 13C NMR studies [den Hollander, J.A., Ugurbil, K., Brown, T.R., Bednar, M., Redfield, C., & Shulman, R.G. (1986a) Biochemistry 25, 203-211], providing additional support for in vivo measurement of the flows during glycolysis.