Department of Psychology, Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States.
Department of Psychology, Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States.
Horm Behav. 2018 Aug;104:119-129. doi: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2018.04.002. Epub 2018 Apr 22.
Contribution to Special Issue on Fast effects of steroids. Estradiol and progesterone rapidly induce changes in dopaminergic signaling within the dorsal striatum and nucleus accumbens of female rats. In ovariectomized females, estradiol rapidly enhances dopamine release and modulates binding of dopamine receptors. Progesterone further potentiates the effect of estradiol on dopamine release. The effects of both estradiol and progesterone are time course dependent, with increases in dopamine release immediately after acute hormone administration followed by later inhibition of dopamine release. Importantly, these changes are also seen in naturally cycling females, indicating their importance for normal physiological states and relevant reproductive behaviors. Here, we summarize the literature establishing the rapid effects of estradiol and progesterone on dopamine release and receptor expression in dorsal striatum and nucleus accumbens of both males and females. Integrating this literature with the larger body of work focusing on dopamine regulated behaviors, we propose hypotheses for adaptive reasons (i.e., ultimate causes) as to why changes in ovarian hormones modulate dopamine release. Finally, we note the importance of these studies for understanding sex differences in vulnerability to drug addiction. Research on how dopaminergic systems regulate behavior in both males and females is crucial for developing a full appreciation of dopamine's role in both natural and drug-induced behaviors.
为快速作用类固醇特刊做出的贡献。雌二醇和孕酮可迅速改变雌性大鼠背侧纹状体和伏隔核中的多巴胺信号。在去卵巢的雌性动物中，雌二醇可迅速增强多巴胺的释放并调节多巴胺受体的结合。孕酮进一步增强雌二醇对多巴胺释放的作用。雌二醇和孕酮的作用均具有时间依赖性，即在急性激素给药后立即增加多巴胺释放，随后抑制多巴胺释放。重要的是，这些变化也在自然循环的雌性动物中出现，表明它们对正常生理状态和相关生殖行为的重要性。在这里，我们总结了文献，确立了雌二醇和孕酮对雄性和雌性背侧纹状体和伏隔核中多巴胺释放和受体表达的快速作用。将这些文献与更广泛的关注多巴胺调节行为的研究相结合，我们提出了假设，即为什么卵巢激素的变化会调节多巴胺释放，其原因是出于适应性（即终极原因）。最后，我们注意到这些研究对于理解对成瘾的易感性的性别差异的重要性。研究多巴胺能系统如何调节雄性和雌性动物的行为对于充分了解多巴胺在自然和药物诱导行为中的作用至关重要。
