Lewitus Valerie J, Kim Jaekyoon, Blackwell Kim T
Georgetown University, USA.
University of Iowa, USA.
Eur J Neurosci. 2024 Dec;60(12):6962-6986. doi: 10.1111/ejn.16607. Epub 2024 Nov 21.
17β-Estradiol (E2) is a sex hormone that acts on many brain regions to produce changes in neuronal activity and learning. A key brain region sensitive to E2 is the dorsal striatum (also called caudate-putamen), which controls motor behaviour, goal-directed learning and habit learning. In adult rodents, oestrogen receptors (ERs) in the dorsal striatum are localized to the plasma membrane and include ERα, ERβ and G protein-coupled ER (GPER). E2, either naturally produced or exogenously applied, may influence neuronal excitability, basal synaptic transmission and long-term synaptic potentiation. These effects may be due to direct action on signalling pathways or may be due to changes in dopamine availability. In particular, estradiol influences dopamine release, dopamine receptor expression and dopamine transporter expression. We review the cellular effects that E2 has in the dorsal striatum, distinguishing between exogenously applied E2 and the oestrous cycle, as well as its influence on dorsal striatal-dependent motor and learning behaviour.
17β-雌二醇（E2）是一种性激素，作用于许多脑区，引起神经元活动和学习的变化。对E2敏感的一个关键脑区是背侧纹状体（也称为尾状核-壳核），它控制运动行为、目标导向学习和习惯学习。在成年啮齿动物中，背侧纹状体中的雌激素受体（ERs）定位于质膜，包括ERα、ERβ和G蛋白偶联雌激素受体（GPER）。无论是天然产生的还是外源性应用的E2，都可能影响神经元兴奋性、基础突触传递和长期突触增强。这些作用可能是由于对信号通路的直接作用，也可能是由于多巴胺可用性的变化。特别是，雌二醇会影响多巴胺释放、多巴胺受体表达和多巴胺转运体表达。我们综述了E2在背侧纹状体中的细胞效应，区分了外源性应用的E2和发情周期，以及它对背侧纹状体依赖的运动和学习行为的影响。
