Lovasova Kvetuse, Kachlik David, Rozpravkova Mirela, Matusevska Maria, Ferkova Jana, Kluchova Darina
Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Safarik University in Kosice, Srobarova 2, 041 80 Kosice, Slovak Republic.
Department of Anatomy, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, U Nemocnice 3, 128 00 Prague, Czech Republic.
Ann Anat. 2018 Jul;218:69-82. doi: 10.1016/j.aanat.2018.01.008. Epub 2018 Apr 5.
During the physiological ageing process atrophy of the alveolar bone appears in vertical direction. This bone resorption causes pushing the limits of the maxillary sinus at the expense of a degraded bone. The sinus volume increases due to the facial development in children and adolescents or during the ageing process due to the loss of teeth and bone mass. The main aim of this study is to determine the sinus shape and sinus floor morphology related to age.
Human adult male and female cadaveric heads (aged 37 to 83 years) with different dental status were used. The three-dimensional CAD/CAM software was used to scan the solid impressions of the maxillary sinus to visualize the real sinus shape and sinus floor. Subsequently, other findings are shown in tables and evaluated graphically.
The maxillary sinus morphology, its relationship to the nasal cavity, the sub sinus alveolar bone height, displacement of the lowest and highest points of sinus, and the sinus relationship to the roots of the upper teeth were studied and evaluated. Some septa, crests, and the prominent infraorbital canal were also found in the area of the sinus floor.
This paper provides a unique view on the maxillary sinus and its changes during the ageing process with preserved topographical relations in a representative sample of the Slovak population. The visualization of the maxillary sinus anatomy is necessary in the diagnosis and treatment plans for dental implants and during current surgical procedures.
在生理衰老过程中，牙槽骨在垂直方向出现萎缩。这种骨吸收导致上颌窦界限被推移，以退化的骨为代价。由于儿童和青少年面部发育，或在衰老过程中因牙齿和骨量丧失，窦腔体积会增大。本研究的主要目的是确定与年龄相关的窦腔形状和窦底形态。
使用具有不同牙齿状况的成年男性和女性尸体头部（年龄37至83岁）。利用三维CAD/CAM软件对上颌窦的实体印模进行扫描，以可视化真实的窦腔形状和窦底。随后，其他结果以表格形式呈现并进行图形评估。
对上颌窦形态、其与鼻腔的关系、窦下牙槽骨高度、窦腔最低点和最高点的位移以及窦腔与上牙牙根的关系进行了研究和评估。在窦底区域还发现了一些间隔、嵴和明显的眶下管。
本文对斯洛伐克人群代表性样本中上颌窦及其在衰老过程中的变化提供了独特视角，同时保留了地形关系。上颌窦解剖结构的可视化在牙种植体的诊断和治疗计划以及当前手术过程中是必要的。
