Tizifa Tinashe A, Kabaghe Alinune N, McCann Robert S, van den Berg Henk, Van Vugt Michele, Phiri Kamija S
1Training and Research Unit of Excellence (TRUE), Public Health Department, College of Medicine, University of Malawi, Blantyre, Malawi.
2Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
Curr Trop Med Rep. 2018;5(1):41-50. doi: 10.1007/s40475-018-0133-y. Epub 2018 Feb 8.
Malaria remains a global burden contributing to morbidity and mortality especially in children under 5 years of age. Despite the progress achieved towards malaria burden reduction, achieving elimination in more countries remains a challenge. This article aims to review the prevention and control strategies for malaria, to assess their impact towards reducing the disease burden and to highlight the best practices observed.
Use of long-lasting insecticide-treated nets and indoor residual spraying has resulted a decline in the incidence and prevalence of malaria in Sub-Saharan Africa. Other strategies such as larval source management have been shown to reduce mosquito density but require further evaluation. New methods under development such as house improvement have demonstrated to minimize disease burden but require further evidence on efficacy. Development of the RTS,S/AS01 malaria vaccine that provides protection in under-five children has provided further progress in efforts of malaria control.
There has been a tremendous reduction in malaria burden in the past decade; however, more work is required to fill the necessary gaps to eliminate malaria.
疟疾仍然是一个全球负担，尤其在5岁以下儿童中导致发病和死亡。尽管在减轻疟疾负担方面取得了进展，但在更多国家实现消除疟疾仍是一项挑战。本文旨在回顾疟疾的预防和控制策略，评估其对减轻疾病负担的影响，并突出观察到的最佳实践。
使用长效驱虫蚊帐和室内滞留喷洒已使撒哈拉以南非洲地区疟疾的发病率和流行率有所下降。其他策略，如幼虫源管理，已显示可降低蚊虫密度，但需要进一步评估。正在开发的新方法，如房屋改良，已证明可将疾病负担降至最低，但需要更多关于疗效的证据。RTS,S/AS01疟疾疫苗的研发为五岁以下儿童提供了保护，在疟疾控制工作中取得了进一步进展。
在过去十年中，疟疾负担已大幅减轻；然而，仍需要做更多工作来填补消除疟疾所需的必要差距。
