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肌萎缩侧索硬化症与额颞叶痴呆谱系疾病之间的选择性遗传重叠。

Selective Genetic Overlap Between Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Diseases of the Frontotemporal Dementia Spectrum.

机构信息

Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri.

Department of Cognitive Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla.

出版信息

JAMA Neurol. 2018 Jul 1;75(7):860-875. doi: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2018.0372.

DOI:10.1001/jamaneurol.2018.0372
PMID:29630712
原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6043387/
Abstract

IMPORTANCE

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by loss of upper and lower motor neurons. Although novel ALS genetic variants have been identified, the shared genetic risk between ALS and other neurodegenerative disorders remains poorly understood.

OBJECTIVES

To examine whether there are common genetic variants that determine the risk for ALS and other neurodegenerative diseases and to identify their functional pathways.

DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: In this study conducted from December 1, 2016, to August 1, 2017, the genetic overlap between ALS, sporadic frontotemporal dementia (FTD), FTD with TDP-43 inclusions, Parkinson disease (PD), Alzheimer disease (AD), corticobasal degeneration (CBD), and progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) were systematically investigated in 124 876 cases and controls. No participants were excluded from this study. Diagnoses were established using consensus criteria.

MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES

The primary outcomes were a list of novel loci and their functional pathways in ALS, FTD, PSP, and ALS mouse models.

RESULTS

Among 124 876 cases and controls, genome-wide conjunction analyses of ALS, FTD, PD, AD, CBD, and PSP revealed significant genetic overlap between ALS and FTD at known ALS loci: rs13302855 and rs3849942 (nearest gene, C9orf72; P = .03 for rs13302855 and P = .005 for rs3849942) and rs4239633 (nearest gene, UNC13A; P = .03). Significant genetic overlap was also found between ALS and PSP at rs7224296, which tags the MAPT H1 haplotype (nearest gene, NSF; P = .045). Shared risk genes were enriched for pathways involving neuronal function and development. At a conditional FDR P < .05, 22 novel ALS polymorphisms were found, including rs538622 (nearest gene, ERGIC1; P = .03 for ALS and FTD), which modifies BNIP1 expression in human brains (35 of 137 females; mean age, 59 years; P = .001). BNIP1 expression was significantly reduced in spinal cord motor neurons from patients with ALS (4 controls: mean age, 60.5 years, mean [SE] value, 3984 [760.8] arbitrary units [AU]; 7 patients with ALS: mean age, 56 years, mean [SE] value, 1999 [274.1] AU; P = .02), in an ALS mouse model (mean [SE] value, 13.75 [0.09] AU for 2 SOD1 WT mice and 11.45 [0.03] AU for 2 SOD1 G93A mice; P = .002) and in brains of patients with PSP (80 controls: 39 females; mean age, 82 years, mean [SE] value, 6.8 [0.2] AU; 84 patients with PSP: 33 females, mean age 74 years, mean [SE] value, 6.8 [0.1] AU; β = -0.19; P = .009) or FTD (11 controls: 4 females; mean age, 67 years; mean [SE] value, 6.74 [0.05] AU; 17 patients with FTD: 10 females; mean age, 69 years; mean [SE] value, 6.53 [0.04] AU; P = .005).

CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE

This study found novel genetic overlap between ALS and diseases of the FTD spectrum, that the MAPT H1 haplotype confers risk for ALS, and identified the mitophagy-associated, proapoptotic protein BNIP1 as an ALS risk gene. Together, these findings suggest that sporadic ALS may represent a selectively pleiotropic, polygenic disorder.

摘要

重要性:肌萎缩侧索硬化症(ALS)是一种进行性神经退行性疾病,其特征是上下运动神经元的丧失。虽然已经确定了新的 ALS 遗传变异体,但 ALS 和其他神经退行性疾病之间的共同遗传风险仍知之甚少。

目的:研究是否存在决定 ALS 和其他神经退行性疾病风险的常见遗传变异体,并确定其功能途径。

设计、地点和参与者:在这项于 2016 年 12 月 1 日至 2017 年 8 月 1 日进行的研究中,系统性地在 124876 例病例和对照中研究了 ALS、散发性额颞叶痴呆(FTD)、TDP-43 包涵体 FTD、帕金森病(PD)、阿尔茨海默病(AD)、皮质基底节变性(CBD)和进行性核上性麻痹(PSP)之间的遗传重叠。本研究没有排除任何参与者。使用共识标准确定诊断。

主要结果和措施:主要结果是 ALS、FTD、PSP 和 ALS 小鼠模型中新型基因座及其功能途径的列表。

结果:在 124876 例病例和对照中,ALS、FTD、PD、AD、CBD 和 PSP 的全基因组联合分析显示,在已知的 ALS 基因座 rs13302855 和 rs3849942(最近的基因 C9orf72;rs13302855 的 P 值=0.03,rs3849942 的 P 值=0.005)和 rs4239633(最近的基因 UNC13A;P 值=0.03)之间,ALS 和 FTD 之间存在显著的遗传重叠。在 rs7224296 处,ALS 和 PSP 之间也存在显著的遗传重叠,该 rs 标记了 MAPT H1 单倍型(最近的基因 NSF;P 值=0.045)。共享风险基因在涉及神经元功能和发育的途径中富集。在条件 FDR P < 0.05 时,发现了 22 个新的 ALS 多态性,包括 rs538622(最近的基因 ERGIC1;P 值=ALS 和 FTD 的 0.03),它改变了人脑内 BNIP1 的表达(137 名女性中的 35 名;平均年龄 59 岁;P 值=0.001)。在 ALS 患者的脊髓运动神经元中,BNIP1 的表达明显降低(4 名对照:平均年龄 60.5 岁,平均[SE]值 3984[760.8] 个任意单位[AU];7 名 ALS 患者:平均年龄 56 岁,平均[SE]值 1999[274.1] AU;P 值=0.02),在 ALS 小鼠模型中(2 只 SOD1 WT 小鼠的平均[SE]值为 13.75[0.09] AU,2 只 SOD1 G93A 小鼠的平均[SE]值为 11.45[0.03] AU;P 值=0.002)和在 PSP 患者的大脑中(80 名对照:39 名女性;平均年龄 82 岁,平均[SE]值 6.8[0.2] AU;84 名 PSP 患者:33 名女性,平均年龄 74 岁,平均[SE]值 6.8[0.1] AU;β= -0.19;P 值=0.009)或 FTD(11 名对照:4 名女性;平均年龄 67 岁;平均[SE]值 6.74[0.05] AU;17 名 FTD 患者:10 名女性;平均年龄 69 岁;平均[SE]值 6.53[0.04] AU;P 值=0.005)。

结论和相关性:本研究发现 ALS 和 FTD 谱系疾病之间存在新的遗传重叠,MAPT H1 单倍型赋予 ALS 风险,并且确定了与线粒体自噬相关的促凋亡蛋白 BNIP1 作为 ALS 风险基因。这些发现共同表明,散发性 ALS 可能代表一种选择性多效性、多基因疾病。

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