CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, China.
Sci Total Environ. 2018 Sep 1;634:448-458. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.03.392. Epub 2018 Apr 6.
Ubiquitous detection of pharmaceuticals in the aquatic environment around the world raises a great public concern. Aquatic residuals of pharmaceuticals have been assumed to relate to land use patterns and various human activities within a catchment or watershed. This study generated a gradient of human activity in the Jiulong River watershed, southeastern China by urban land use percentage in 20 research subwatersheds. Thirty-three compounds from three-category pharmaceuticals [26 compounds of 5 antibiotic groups, 6 compounds of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and 1 compound of respiratory system drugs (RSDs)] were quantified in stream water before the research subwatershed confluences with two sampling events in dry and wet seasons. In total, 27 out of the 33 pharmaceutical compounds of interest were found in stream waters. Seasonality of instream pharmaceuticals was observed, with less compounds and lower concentrations in the wet season sampling event than in the dry season one. Urban land use in the research subwatershed was identified as the main factor influencing in stream pharmaceutical concentrations and composition regardless of season. Rural land uses contributed a mixture of human and veterinary pharmaceuticals possibly from agricultural application of manure and sewage sludge and aquaculture in the research subwatersheds. Erythromycin in both sampling events showed medium to high risks to aquatic organisms. Results of this study suggest that urban pharmaceutical management, such as a strict prescription regulations and high-efficient removal of pharmaceuticals in wastewater treatment, is critical in reducing aquatic pharmaceutical loads.
世界各地水环境中普遍存在的药品检测引起了公众的极大关注。人们认为，水中残留的药品与集水区或流域内的土地利用方式和各种人类活动有关。本研究通过 20 个研究子流域的城市土地利用百分比，在九龙河流域生成了一个人类活动梯度。在研究子流域与两个采样事件（旱季和雨季）汇合之前，对 33 种来自三类药品的化合物[26 种 5 种抗生素类、6 种非甾体类抗炎药（NSAIDs）和 1 种呼吸系统药物（RSD）]进行了定量分析。在溪流水中共发现了 33 种有兴趣的药物化合物中的 27 种。在溪流中观察到了药品的季节性，雨季采样事件中的化合物数量较少，浓度也较低。无论季节如何，研究子流域的城市土地利用被确定为影响溪流中药物浓度和组成的主要因素。农村土地利用可能来自农业中粪肥和污水污泥的应用以及子流域中的水产养殖，为人类和兽医药品的混合提供了来源。在两个采样事件中，红霉素对水生生物均表现出中等到高的风险。本研究结果表明，城市药品管理（如严格的处方规定和高效去除废水中的药品）对于减少水中药品负荷至关重要。
