[Anti-Glutamate Receptor Antibodies: Focusing on Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate Receptor Encephalitis].

The most frequent antibody-mediated autoimmune encephalitis is anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis, which presents unique clinical features. Antibodies directly affect the cognitive function of patients with anti-NMDAR encephalitis, and immunotherapy is required to ameliorate their symptoms. The antibody binding is conformational, and antibody detection requires cell surface expression of receptor antigens. There are many unresolved questions surrounding autoimmune encephalitis, such as determination of the triggers of immune reactions against central nervous system antigens, the involved brain lesions responsible for the patients' variable symptoms, the mechanism of neuronal dysfunction, the most effective treatment strategy, and how long the medication should be continued. These questions should be investigated in the future.