Feig Vivian R, Tran Helen, Bao Zhenan
Department of Material Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States.
Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States.
ACS Cent Sci. 2018 Mar 28;4(3):337-348. doi: 10.1021/acscentsci.7b00595. Epub 2018 Feb 6.
Biodegradable electronics have great potential to reduce the environmental footprint of devices and enable advanced health monitoring and therapeutic technologies. Complex biodegradable electronics require biodegradable substrates, insulators, conductors, and semiconductors, all of which comprise the fundamental building blocks of devices. This review will survey recent trends in the strategies used to fabricate biodegradable forms of each of these components. Polymers that can disintegrate without full chemical breakdown (type I), as well as those that can be recycled into monomeric and oligomeric building blocks (type II), will be discussed. Type I degradation is typically achieved with engineering and material science based strategies, whereas type II degradation often requires deliberate synthetic approaches. Notably, unconventional degradable linkages capable of maintaining long-range conjugation have been relatively unexplored, yet may enable fully biodegradable conductors and semiconductors with uncompromised electrical properties. While substantial progress has been made in developing degradable device components, the electrical and mechanical properties of these materials must be improved before fully degradable complex electronics can be realized.
可生物降解电子器件在减少设备的环境足迹以及实现先进的健康监测和治疗技术方面具有巨大潜力。复杂的可生物降解电子器件需要可生物降解的基板、绝缘体、导体和半导体，所有这些都构成了器件的基本组成部分。本综述将概述用于制造这些组件各自的可生物降解形式的策略的最新趋势。将讨论能够在不完全化学分解的情况下分解的聚合物（I型），以及那些可以再循环成单体和低聚物构建块的聚合物（II型）。I型降解通常通过基于工程和材料科学的策略来实现，而II型降解通常需要特意的合成方法。值得注意的是，能够保持长程共轭的非常规可降解连接相对未被探索，但可能实现具有不妥协电学性能的完全可生物降解的导体和半导体。虽然在开发可降解器件组件方面已经取得了重大进展，但在实现完全可降解的复杂电子器件之前，必须改善这些材料的电学和机械性能。
