Schomberg Harry H, Endale Dinku M, Jenkins Michael B, Chaney Rufus L, Franklin Dorcas H
J Environ Qual. 2018 Mar;47(2):326-335. doi: 10.2134/jeq2017.09.0353.
Flue gas desulfurization gypsum (FGDG) from coal-fired power plants is readily available for agricultural use in many US regions. Broiler litter (BL) provides plant available N, P, and K but can be a source of unwanted As, Cu, and Zn. As a source of Ca and S, FGDG can reduce losses of P and other elements in runoff from BL-amended areas. Rainfall simulation plots (2.0 m) were established on a Piedmont Cecil soil growing 'Coastal' bermudagrass ( L.) for hay. Accumulation and transport of As, Cu, Cd, Cr, Hg, Pb, and Zn were evaluated after annual BL applications (13.5 Mg ha) with four FGDG rates (0, 2.2, 4.5, 9.0 Mg ha) and two FGDG treatments (0 and 9 Mg ha) without BL. Runoff As concentrations were sixfold greater with BL than without ( ≤ 0.01) and were similar to BL with FGDG at 2.2, 4.5 or 9.0 Mg ha ( ≤ 0.10). Runoff concentrations of target elements did not increase where FGDG was applied alone. After three annual applications of FGDG and BL, soil concentrations of As, Cr, Pb, Hg, and Cu were well below levels of environmental concern. Our findings indicate that runoff losses of As from BL application are not reduced with FGDG but support other research indicating no identifiable environmental risks from FGDG beneficial use in agricultural systems.
燃煤电厂的烟气脱硫石膏（FGDG）在许多美国地区都很容易用于农业。鸡粪（BL）能提供植物可利用的氮、磷和钾，但可能是不需要的砷、铜和锌的来源。作为钙和硫的来源，FGDG可以减少磷和其他元素从施用BL的区域径流中的流失。在种植“海岸”百慕大草（ Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.）用于干草生产的皮埃蒙特塞西尔土壤上建立了降雨模拟小区（2.0米）。在每年施用BL（13.5 公吨/公顷）并设置四个FGDG施用量（0、2.2、4.5、9.0 公吨/公顷）以及两个不施用BL的FGDG处理（0和9 公吨/公顷）后，评估了砷、铜、镉、铬、汞、铅和锌的积累与迁移。施用BL时径流中的砷浓度比不施用时高六倍（≤ 0.01），并且与施用2.2、4.5或9.0 公吨/公顷FGDG的BL处理中的砷浓度相似（≤ 0.10）。单独施用FGDG时，目标元素的径流浓度没有增加。在每年施用三次FGDG和BL后，土壤中的砷、铬、铅、汞和铜浓度远低于环境关注水平。我们的研究结果表明，FGDG并不能减少施用BL导致的砷径流损失，但支持其他研究表明在农业系统中有益使用FGDG不存在可识别的环境风险。
