Devries Karen, Knight Louise, Petzold Max, Merrill Katherine G, Maxwell Lauren, Williams Abigail, Cappa Claudia, Chan Ko Ling, Garcia-Moreno Claudia, Hollis NaTasha, Kress Howard, Peterman Amber, Walsh Sophie D, Kishor Sunita, Guedes Alessandra, Bott Sarah, Butron Riveros Betzabe C, Watts Charlotte, Abrahams Naeemah
Global Health and Development, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK.
Health Metrics at Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
BMJ Paediatr Open. 2018 Feb 7;2(1):e000180. doi: 10.1136/bmjpo-2017-000180. eCollection 2018.
The epidemiology of violence against children is likely to differ substantially by sex and age of the victim and the perpetrator. Thus far, investment in effective prevention strategies has been hindered by lack of clarity in the burden of childhood violence across these dimensions. We produced the first age-specific and sex-specific prevalence estimates by perpetrator type for physical, sexual and emotional violence against children globally.
We used random effects meta-regression to estimate prevalence. Estimates were adjusted for relevant quality covariates, variation in definitions of violence and weighted by region-specific, age-specific and sex-specific population data to ensure estimates reflect country population structures.
Secondary data from 600 population or school-based representative datasets and 43 publications obtained via systematic literature review, representing 13 830 estimates from 171 countries.
Estimates for recent violence against children aged 0-19 were included.
The most common perpetrators of physical and emotional violence for both boys and girls across a range of ages are household members, with prevalence often surpassing 50%, followed by student peers. Children reported experiencing more emotional than physical violence from both household members and students. The most common perpetrators of sexual violence against girls aged 15-19 years are intimate partners; however, few data on other perpetrators of sexual violence against children are systematically collected internationally. Few age-specific and sex-specific data are available on violence perpetration by schoolteachers; however, existing data indicate high prevalence of physical violence from teachers towards students. Data from other authority figures, strangers, siblings and other adults are limited, as are data on neglect of children.
Without further investment in data generation on violence exposure from multiple perpetrators for boys and girls of all ages, progress towards Sustainable Development Goals 4, 5 and 16 may be slow. Despite data gaps, evidence shows violence from household members, peers in school and for girls, from intimate partners, should be prioritised for prevention.
PROSPERO 2015: CRD42015024315.
针对儿童的暴力行为的流行病学在受害者和施暴者的性别与年龄方面可能存在显著差异。到目前为止，由于在这些维度上儿童暴力负担的不明确，对有效预防策略的投资受到了阻碍。我们首次按施暴者类型给出了全球范围内针对儿童的身体暴力、性暴力和情感暴力的特定年龄和性别的患病率估计值。
我们使用随机效应元回归来估计患病率。估计值针对相关质量协变量进行了调整，考虑了暴力定义的差异，并根据特定区域、特定年龄和特定性别的人口数据进行加权，以确保估计值反映各国人口结构。
来自600个人口或学校代表性数据集的二手数据以及通过系统文献综述获得的43篇出版物，代表了来自171个国家的13830个估计值。
纳入了针对0 - 19岁儿童近期暴力行为的估计值。
在各个年龄段，男孩和女孩遭受身体暴力和情感暴力最常见的施暴者是家庭成员，患病率通常超过50%，其次是学生同龄人。儿童报告称，他们从家庭成员和学生那里遭受的情感暴力比身体暴力更多。针对15 - 19岁女孩的性暴力最常见的施暴者是亲密伴侣；然而，国际上很少系统收集关于其他针对儿童性暴力施暴者的数据。关于教师实施暴力行为的特定年龄和性别的数据很少；然而，现有数据表明教师对学生实施身体暴力的患病率很高。来自其他权威人物、陌生人、兄弟姐妹和其他成年人的数据有限，关于儿童被忽视的数据也很有限。
如果不进一步投资于收集所有年龄段男孩和女孩遭受多种施暴者暴力行为的数据，实现可持续发展目标4、5和16的进展可能会很缓慢。尽管存在数据缺口，但证据表明，来自家庭成员、学校同龄人的暴力行为，以及对女孩而言来自亲密伴侣的暴力行为，应作为预防的重点。
PROSPERO 2015：CRD42015024315。
