State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Xiamen University , Xiamen 361005 , China.
Chem Rev. 2018 May 23;118(10):4946-4980. doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00668. Epub 2018 Apr 11.
Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) inherits the rich chemical fingerprint information on Raman spectroscopy and gains sensitivity by plasmon-enhanced excitation and scattering. In particular, most Raman peaks have a narrow width suitable for multiplex analysis, and the measurements can be conveniently made under ambient and aqueous conditions. These merits make SERS a very promising technique for studying complex biological systems, and SERS has attracted increasing interest in biorelated analysis. However, there are still great challenges that need to be addressed until it can be widely accepted by the biorelated communities, answer interesting biological questions, and solve fatal clinical problems. SERS applications in bioanalysis involve the complex interactions of plasmonic nanomaterials with biological systems and their environments. The reliability becomes the key issue of bioanalytical SERS in order to extract meaningful information from SERS data. This review provides a comprehensive overview of bioanalytical SERS with the main focus on the reliability issue. We first introduce the mechanism of SERS to guide the design of reliable SERS experiments with high detection sensitivity. We then introduce the current understanding of the interaction of nanomaterials with biological systems, mainly living cells, to guide the design of functionalized SERS nanoparticles for target detection. We further introduce the current status of label-free (direct) and labeled (indirect) SERS detections, for systems from biomolecules, to pathogens, to living cells, and we discuss the potential interferences from experimental design, measurement conditions, and data analysis. In the end, we give an outlook of the key challenges in bioanalytical SERS, including reproducibility, sensitivity, and spatial and time resolution.
表面增强拉曼光谱（SERS）继承了拉曼光谱丰富的化学指纹信息，并通过等离子体增强激发和散射获得了灵敏度。特别是，大多数拉曼峰具有适合多路复用分析的窄带宽，并且可以在环境和水相条件下方便地进行测量。这些优点使得 SERS 成为研究复杂生物系统的一种非常有前途的技术，并且 SERS 在生物相关分析中引起了越来越多的关注。然而，在它能够被生物相关领域广泛接受、回答有趣的生物学问题和解决致命的临床问题之前，仍有许多挑战需要解决。SERS 在生物分析中的应用涉及等离子体纳米材料与生物系统及其环境的复杂相互作用。为了从 SERS 数据中提取有意义的信息，可靠性成为生物分析 SERS 的关键问题。本综述全面概述了生物分析 SERS，主要关注可靠性问题。我们首先介绍了 SERS 的机制，以指导具有高检测灵敏度的可靠 SERS 实验的设计。然后，我们介绍了纳米材料与生物系统（主要是活细胞）相互作用的当前理解，以指导功能化 SERS 纳米粒子用于目标检测的设计。我们进一步介绍了无标记（直接）和标记（间接）SERS 检测的现状，用于从生物分子到病原体到活细胞的系统，并讨论了实验设计、测量条件和数据分析中的潜在干扰。最后，我们对生物分析 SERS 的关键挑战进行了展望，包括重现性、灵敏度、空间和时间分辨率。
