1 Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Carleton University , Ottawa, Ontario, Canada .
2 Department of Chemistry, Carleton University , Ottawa, Ontario, Canada .
J Aerosol Med Pulm Drug Deliv. 2018 Oct;31(5):311-320. doi: 10.1089/jamp.2017.1419. Epub 2018 Mar 16.
Chelating agents such as diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (DTPA) can be used as a decorporation drug in the zinc (Zn) form to treat internal radioactive contamination after exposure to plutonium or americium in a nuclear accident. Although Zn-DTPA is normally administered intravenously, inhalation of Zn-DTPA in aerosol form is a better route for direct delivery to the lungs. This work investigates the feasibility of synthesizing Zn-DTPA from three common chemicals and aerosolizing it using a jet or ultrasonic nebulizer.
The particle size distribution (PSD) of this decorporation agent at different concentrations were tested in vitro using two different methods: inertial impaction and aerodynamic time of flight. The particles were generated using either a jet nebulizer or an ultrasonic nebulizer. Two parameters, namely the mass median aerodynamic diameter and the geometric standard deviation, were assessed to determine the PSD of the generated aerosols. These parameters were obtained for different concentrations of Zn-DTPA using both nebulizers.
Zn-DTPA was successfully synthesized for decorporation purposes. Aerosol particles within the inhalable range were successfully generated by both nebulizers from four different concentrations of Zn-DTPA. It was found that the medication concentration did not affect the PSD of Zn-DTPA. The ultrasonic nebulizer was observed to produce a slightly larger aerosol particle size and required slightly longer treatment periods to deliver an effective dose to the lungs when compared with the jet nebulizer. Both nebulizers can be sustainably run to administer the agent for effective decorporation treatment of a large population after any major nuclear accident.
螯合剂，如二乙烯三胺五乙酸（DTPA），可用作锌（Zn）形式的脱金属药物，用于治疗核事故中接触钚或镅后体内放射性污染。虽然 Zn-DTPA 通常通过静脉注射给药，但以气溶胶形式吸入 Zn-DTPA 是一种更好的直接输送到肺部的途径。这项工作研究了从三种常见化学物质合成 Zn-DTPA 并使用射流或超声雾化器将其气溶胶化的可行性。
使用两种不同的方法，即惯性撞击和空气动力学飞行时间，在体外测试了不同浓度的这种脱金属剂的粒径分布（PSD）。使用射流雾化器或超声雾化器生成颗粒。使用两种参数，即质量中值空气动力学直径和几何标准偏差，来确定生成气溶胶的 PSD。使用两种雾化器，针对不同浓度的 Zn-DTPA 获得了这些参数。
成功合成了 Zn-DTPA 用于脱金属目的。两种雾化器均成功地从四种不同浓度的 Zn-DTPA 中生成了可吸入范围内的气溶胶颗粒。研究发现，药物浓度不影响 Zn-DTPA 的 PSD。与射流雾化器相比，超声雾化器产生的气溶胶颗粒稍大，并且需要稍长的治疗时间才能将有效剂量输送到肺部。在任何重大核事故发生后，这两种雾化器都可以持续运行，以向大量人群提供药剂，进行有效的脱金属治疗。
