Aba Patrick Emeka, Udechukwu Ifeanyi Ronald
Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria, Phone: +2348062730073.
Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria.
J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol. 2018 Jul 26;29(4):313-320. doi: 10.1515/jbcpp-2017-0134.
Background Metabolic disease like diabetes mellitus is on the increase in developing countries due to lack of access to orthodox medicine owing to its high cost. Health benefits of culinary vegetables cannot be overemphasized. This study therefore aims to profile the hypoglycaemic potentials of 12 common leafy vegetables consumed in Nsukka, Southeastern Nigeria and advise diabetic patients accordingly. Methods A total of 75 albino Wistar rats assigned to 15 groups of five rats per group were used for the study. Diabetes was induced in groups 1-14 rats by intraperitoneal injection of alloxan monohydrate (160 mg/kg), and rats in group 15 were not made diabetic. Groups 1-12 rats were treated with aqueous extracts of the vegetables (200 mg/kg), and group 13 rats received glibenclamide at 2 mg/kg and served as standard control. Rats in groups 14 and 15 received distilled water (10 mL/kg) to serve as negative and normal controls, respectively. The fasting blood glucose (FBG) values of the rats were determined 3, 6 and 24 h post-treatment. Phytochemical studies on the vegetables were also carried out. Results Results revealed that the hypoglycaemic activities of Gongronema latifolium, Pterocarpus santalinoides, Ocimum gratissimum, Pterocarpus mildbraedii and Vernonia amygdalina were comparable (p>0.05) to that obtained for glibenclamide (standard anti-diabetic drug) while Gnetum africanum and Piper guineense did not show significant hypoglycaemic activities. Phytochemicals such as flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, saponins, glycosides, and terpenes were present in the vegetables. Conclusions It was concluded that the vegetables possess hypoglycaemic activities at different capacities with G. latifolium being the most potent.
由于传统药物成本高昂，发展中国家难以获取，糖尿病等代谢性疾病的发病率正在上升。烹饪用蔬菜对健康的益处再怎么强调也不为过。因此，本研究旨在剖析尼日利亚东南部Nsukka地区食用的12种常见叶菜类蔬菜的降血糖潜力，并据此为糖尿病患者提供建议。
本研究共使用了75只白化Wistar大鼠，分为15组，每组5只。通过腹腔注射一水合四氧嘧啶（160mg/kg）诱导第1 - 14组大鼠患糖尿病，第15组大鼠不诱发糖尿病。第1 - 12组大鼠用蔬菜水提取物（200mg/kg）进行治疗，第13组大鼠接受2mg/kg的格列本脲作为标准对照。第14组和第15组大鼠分别接受蒸馏水（10mL/kg）作为阴性对照和正常对照。在治疗后3、6和24小时测定大鼠的空腹血糖（FBG）值。同时对蔬菜进行了植物化学研究。
结果显示，宽叶锣锅底、小叶紫檀、丁香罗勒、小叶紫檀和扁桃斑鸠菊的降血糖活性与格列本脲（标准抗糖尿病药物）相当（p>0.05），而非洲买麻藤和几内亚胡椒未表现出显著的降血糖活性。蔬菜中含有黄酮类、生物碱、单宁、皂苷、糖苷和萜类等植物化学物质。
得出的结论是，这些蔬菜具有不同程度的降血糖活性，其中宽叶锣锅底的活性最强。
