[The Problem of Training of Professors of Medicine in Russia of the Beginning of XIX Century].

The article considers an unknown aspect in history of medical education - the project of training of professors of medicine of "natural Russians". The author of the project was Ya.V. Wylie, the physician-in-ordinary of the Emperor, the chief medical inspector of army and the president of the Medical surgical academy. His intention was implemented in 1817-1818 and resulted in cessation of international employments of professors of medicine for Russian universities and medical surgical academies and organization of the system of specialized training of graduates of Russian medical schools to title of professor as well. The given subject permits to clarify why foreign physician at Russian service was against international employments and stood up for "national" interests of the Russian Empire. The archive evidences permit to establish conditions of birth of such an initiative. The biographies of participants of the project give rise to trace long-term aftermaths of its implementation for history of medical profession in the Russian Empire.