McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, and Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA; email:
Translational Musculoskeletal Research Center, Col. Michael J. Crescenz Veterans Administration Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.
Annu Rev Biomed Eng. 2018 Jun 4;20:403-429. doi: 10.1146/annurev-bioeng-062117-121113. Epub 2018 Apr 11.
The connective tissues of the musculoskeletal system can be grouped into fibrous, cartilaginous, and calcified tissues. While each tissue type has a distinct composition and function, the intersections between these tissues result in the formation of complex, composite, and graded junctions. The complexity of these interfaces is a critical aspect of their healthy function, but poses a significant challenge for their repair. In this review, we describe the organization and structure of complex musculoskeletal interfaces, identify emerging technologies for engineering such structures, and outline the requirements for assessing the complex nature of these tissues in the context of recapitulating their function through tissue engineering.
骨骼肌肉系统的结缔组织可以分为纤维组织、软骨组织和钙化组织。虽然每种组织类型都有其独特的组成和功能，但这些组织的交界处会形成复杂的、复合的和分级的连接。这些界面的复杂性是其正常功能的关键方面，但也对其修复提出了重大挑战。在这篇综述中，我们描述了复杂的骨骼肌肉界面的组织和结构，确定了用于工程此类结构的新兴技术，并概述了通过组织工程来再现其功能时评估这些组织的复杂性的要求。
