Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA.
Departments of Anesthesiology and Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06519, USA.
Annu Rev Biomed Eng. 2018 Jun 4;20:431-447. doi: 10.1146/annurev-bioeng-062117-121231. Epub 2018 Apr 11.
The development processes of arteries and veins are fundamentally different, leading to distinct differences in anatomy, structure, and function as well as molecular profiles. Understanding the complex interaction between genetic and epigenetic pathways, as well as extracellular and biomechanical signals that orchestrate arterial venous differentiation, is not only critical for the understanding of vascular diseases of arteries and veins but also valuable for vascular tissue engineering strategies. Recent research has suggested that certain transcriptional factors not only control arterial venous differentiation during development but also play a critical role in adult vessel function and disease processes. This review summarizes the signaling pathways and critical transcription factors that are important for arterial versus venous specification. We focus on those signals that have a direct relation to the structure and function of arteries and veins, and have implications for vascular disease processes and tissue engineering applications.
动脉和静脉的发育过程从根本上是不同的，导致它们在解剖结构、功能和分子特征上有明显的差异。理解遗传和表观遗传途径以及细胞外和生物力学信号之间的复杂相互作用，对于理解动脉和静脉血管疾病以及血管组织工程策略都是至关重要的。最近的研究表明，某些转录因子不仅在发育过程中控制动脉静脉的分化，而且在成年血管的功能和疾病过程中也起着关键作用。本综述总结了对动脉与静脉特化具有重要作用的信号通路和关键转录因子。我们重点关注那些与动脉和静脉的结构和功能直接相关的信号，这些信号对血管疾病过程和组织工程应用具有重要意义。
