Bae Sanghyuk, Choi Jonghyuk, Kim Geunbae, Song Sanghwan, Ha Mina, Kwon Hojang
Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, Chungnam, Republic of Korea.
Environmental Health Research Division, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon, Republic of Korea.
Environ Health Toxicol. 2018 Mar 3;33(2):e2018007. doi: 10.5620/eht.e2018007. eCollection 2018.
The industrial complexes built during the course of economic development in South Korea played a pivotal role in the country's rapid economic growth. However, this growth was accompanied by health problems due to the pollutants released from the industrial complexes inevitably located near residential areas, given the limited land area available in South Korea. This study was conducted to evaluate the exposure to each pollutant emanating from industrial complexes for residents living in nearby areas, and to determine the substances requiring priority attention in future surveys. Pollutants were comprehensively categorized according to their emission and exposure levels based on data previously collected from the study areas. The emission, ambient concentration, and biomarker concentration levels of major pollutants emitted from eight national industrial complexes (Ulsan, Pohang, Gwangyang, Yeosu, Chungju, Daesan, Sihwa, and Banwol) were determined and tabulated. Each of the values was compared with the national/local average values, reference values, or control area concentrations depending on availability. Substances with completed exposure pathways and with high values for emissions, ambient concentrations, and biomarker concentrations were considered the substances posing exposure risks to the residents living near the corresponding industrial complex. The substances requiring continuous monitoring or supplementary exposure investigation were also categorized and presented. Lead and benzene had higher values for emissions, ambient concentrations, and biomarker concentrations in the Ulsan Industrial Complex area; thus, they were most likely to pose exposure risks to residents living in the area's neighborhoods. In other areas, styrene, xylene, cadmium, nitrogen oxide, trichloroethylene, nickel, manganese, and chromium required continuous monitoring, and arsenic, nickel, manganese, and chromium required biomarker measurements. In conclusion, the substances identified and categorized in this study need to be given appropriate attention in future surveys on exposure risks and health effects related to industrial complexes.
韩国经济发展过程中建设的工业园区在该国经济快速增长中发挥了关键作用。然而，鉴于韩国可用土地面积有限，工业园区不可避免地位于居民区附近，其排放的污染物导致了健康问题。本研究旨在评估居住在附近地区的居民接触工业园区排放的各种污染物的情况，并确定在未来调查中需要优先关注的物质。根据先前从研究区域收集的数据，污染物根据其排放和接触水平进行了全面分类。确定并列出了八个国家级工业园区（蔚山、浦项、光阳、丽水、忠州、大山、始华和盘石）排放的主要污染物的排放、环境浓度和生物标志物浓度水平。根据可得性，将每个值与国家/地方平均值、参考值或对照区域浓度进行比较。具有完整接触途径且排放、环境浓度和生物标志物浓度值较高的物质被视为对相应工业园区附近居民构成接触风险的物质。还对需要持续监测或补充接触调查的物质进行了分类和呈现。在蔚山工业园区地区，铅和苯的排放、环境浓度和生物标志物浓度值较高；因此，它们最有可能对该地区附近居民构成接触风险。在其他地区，苯乙烯、二甲苯、镉、氮氧化物、三氯乙烯、镍、锰和铬需要持续监测，而砷、镍、锰和铬需要进行生物标志物测量。总之，本研究中确定和分类的物质在未来关于与工业园区相关的接触风险和健康影响的调查中需要得到适当关注。
