Ancona Francesco, Stella Stefano, Capogrosso Cristina, Marini Claudia, Fisicaro Andrea, Margonato Alberto, Denti Paolo, Agricola Eustachio
Echocardiography Laboratory, Clinical Cardiology Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy -
Echocardiography Laboratory, Clinical Cardiology Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.
Minerva Cardioangiol. 2018 Dec;66(6):680-690. doi: 10.23736/S0026-4725.18.04698-4. Epub 2018 Apr 11.
The right ventricle and tricuspid valve (TV) have long been neglected by cardiologists. Functional tricuspid regurgitation (TR) is nowadays the most common cause of severe TR and is emerging as a prognostic factor in many heart diseases. A multimodality imaging approach is fundamental for defining the pathophysiology of TR, using both two-dimensional and three-dimensional echocardiography, as well as CT scan. In particular, 3D echocardiography can characterize TV apparatus and tricuspid annulus; CT offers complementary information about annular structure, and its relationship with the right coronary artery. The following review will describe TV anatomy, define transthoracic and transesophageal echocardiographic views for evaluating TV morphology, function and TR grading with some clues on interventional perspectives.
长期以来，右心室和三尖瓣一直被心脏病专家所忽视。功能性三尖瓣反流（TR）如今是重度TR最常见的病因，并且在许多心脏病中逐渐成为一种预后因素。多模态成像方法对于明确TR的病理生理学至关重要，可同时使用二维和三维超声心动图以及CT扫描。特别是，三维超声心动图能够描述三尖瓣装置和三尖瓣环的特征；CT可提供有关瓣环结构及其与右冠状动脉关系的补充信息。以下综述将描述三尖瓣的解剖结构，定义经胸和经食管超声心动图用于评估三尖瓣形态、功能及TR分级的视图，并提供一些介入治疗方面的线索。
